{"id":"vivotif-typhoid-oral-vaccine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Abdominal pain or cramping"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Diarrhea"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Vomiting"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Fever"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Headache"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"The vaccine contains a live, weakened strain of Salmonella typhi (Ty21a) that replicates in the intestinal tract, triggering both local mucosal immunity (IgA antibodies) and systemic immune responses (IgG antibodies and T-cell responses). This dual immune activation provides protection against infection with wild-type typhoid bacteria.","oneSentence":"Vivotif is a live attenuated oral typhoid vaccine that stimulates immune responses against Salmonella typhi through mucosal and systemic immunity.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:15:32.889Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Prevention of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi in travelers and at-risk populations"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03971669","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Blood Donor CVD 5000","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","startDate":"2004-01-16","conditions":"Risk Reduction","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT03970304","phase":"PHASE4","title":"CVD 37000: Immunity and Microbiome Studies at Intestinal and Systemic Sites in Ty21a Vaccinated Adults","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","startDate":"2013-10-24","conditions":"Typhoid Vaccination","enrollment":87},{"nctId":"NCT04083950","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Induction of Gut Permeability by an Oral Vaccine","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center","startDate":"2019-12-04","conditions":"Intestinal Permeability, Inflammation, Vaccine","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT03705585","phase":"PHASE4","title":"CVD 38000: Study of Responses to Vaccination With Typhoid and/or Cholera","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","startDate":"2018-11-05","conditions":"Typhoid and/or Cholera Vaccination","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT03312699","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Effects of Aging on Primary and Secondary Vaccine Responses","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Stanford University","startDate":"2017-09-19","conditions":"Influenza, Hepatitis A, Typhoid","enrollment":54},{"nctId":"NCT06104345","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Immune Response Elicited by Concomitant Administration of Oral Typhoid Fever (Vivotif®) and Cholera (Dukoral®) Vaccines","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Helsinki University Central Hospital","startDate":"2023-10-25","conditions":"Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Typhoid Fever, Cholera","enrollment":65},{"nctId":"NCT01405521","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Understanding Typhoid Disease After Vaccination","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Oxford","startDate":"2011-10-07","conditions":"Typhoid Fever, Enteric Fever, Typhoid","enrollment":99},{"nctId":"NCT00751933","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Vaccines and Dietary Oats in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Haukeland University Hospital","startDate":"2008-10","conditions":"Ulcerative Colitis","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT02121145","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Cross-reactive Immunity Elicited by Oral and Parenteral Typhoid Vaccines","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Helsinki University Central Hospital","startDate":"2013-10","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT01019083","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Studies of Immune Responses to Orally Administered Vaccines in Developing Country","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh","startDate":"2008-02","conditions":"Cholera, Typhoid","enrollment":1016}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":5,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Ty21a Typhoid Oral Vaccine"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Vivotif Typhoid Oral Vaccine","genericName":"Vivotif Typhoid Oral Vaccine","companyName":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","companyId":"university-of-maryland-baltimore","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Vivotif is a live attenuated oral typhoid vaccine that stimulates immune responses against Salmonella typhi through mucosal and systemic immunity. Used for Prevention of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi in travelers and at-risk populations.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":4,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}