{"id":"tymazoline","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"tymazoline","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"R01AA13","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"}],"phase":"unknown","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"pernazene","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["tymazoline","pernazene"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Pernazene","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"tymazoline","explanation":"Think of it like a key fitting into a lock. Tymazoline is the key, and the lock is a specific receptor on a cell. When the key fits into the lock, it can either turn the lock (activate the receptor) or block it from turning (block the receptor), which can affect how the cell behaves.","oneSentence":"Tymazoline works by binding to and activating or blocking specific receptors in the body.","technicalDetail":"Tymazoline is a non-selective alpha-adrenergic agonist, meaning it binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors, which are involved in various physiological processes such as vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymazoline","title":"Tymazoline","extract":"Tymazoline is a nasal decongestant that can be used to treat rhinitis. It acts as an antihistaminic and sympathomimetic, reducing swelling, inflammation and mucosal secretions."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/3445","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=tymazoline","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymazoline","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T16:05:44.897933","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"ephedrine","drugSlug":"ephedrine","fdaApproval":"","patentExpiry":"May 16, 2040","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"phenylephrine","drugSlug":"phenylephrine","fdaApproval":"1952-01-21","patentExpiry":"Sep 26, 2036","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"oxymetazoline","drugSlug":"oxymetazoline","fdaApproval":"1986-05-30","patentExpiry":"May 2, 2028","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"tetryzoline","drugSlug":"tetryzoline","fdaApproval":"1979-11-30","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"xylometazoline","drugSlug":"xylometazoline","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"naphazoline","drugSlug":"naphazoline","fdaApproval":"1971-06-07","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"epinephrine","drugSlug":"epinephrine","fdaApproval":"1948-11-19","patentExpiry":"Oct 20, 2036","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"tymazoline","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"ephedrine","brandName":"ephedrine","genericName":"ephedrine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"phenylephrine","brandName":"phenylephrine","genericName":"phenylephrine","approvalYear":"1952","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"oxymetazoline","brandName":"oxymetazoline","genericName":"oxymetazoline","approvalYear":"1986","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"tetryzoline","brandName":"tetryzoline","genericName":"tetryzoline","approvalYear":"1979","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"xylometazoline","brandName":"xylometazoline","genericName":"xylometazoline","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"naphazoline","brandName":"naphazoline","genericName":"naphazoline","approvalYear":"1971","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"epinephrine","brandName":"epinephrine","genericName":"epinephrine","approvalYear":"1948","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"005368","UNII":"U993RH5585","CHEBI":"CHEBI:134947","UMLSCUI":"C0771442","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL2106467","KEGG_DRUG":"D07373","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB08803","PUBCHEM_CID":"34154"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":2,"therapeuticAreas":["Respiratory"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"R01AA13","allCodes":["R01AA13"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"unknown","modality":"Small Molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Pernazene is a small molecule with the synonym Tymazoline, used as a nasal decongestant to treat rhinitis. It works by reducing swelling, inflammation, and mucosal secretions through its sympathomimetic and antihistaminic properties.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}