{"id":"tryptophan","rwe":[{"pmid":"41905048","year":"2026","title":"Division of labor in a synthetic consortium enables high-efficiency waxy oil biodegradation: Interfacial access provided by Bacillus unlocks deep degradation by Pseudomonas.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of hazardous materials","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41904841","year":"2026","title":"Physical exercise as a catalyst for neuroimmune balance in schizophrenia: Targeting the kynurenine pathway in the PsyLetics project.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of psychiatric research","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41904473","year":"2026","title":"Exploring the binding interaction of rupatadine with bovine serum albumin using multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling approaches.","finding":"","journal":"BMC chemistry","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41904145","year":"2026","title":"Tryptophanol enhances nitrogen assimilation in marine diatoms.","finding":"","journal":"Nature communications","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41903898","year":"2026","title":"Design, synthesis and anti-tumor activation of β-carboline alkaloids derivatives from Picrasma quassioides.","finding":"","journal":"Fitoterapia","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"tryptophan","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Myeloperoxidase","category":"target"},{"label":"MPO","category":"gene"},{"label":"GPR139","category":"gene"},{"label":"CASR","category":"gene"},{"label":"N06AX02","category":"atc"},{"label":"Intravenous","category":"route"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Solution","category":"form"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Antidepressive Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Psychotropic Drugs","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":69.577,"date":"","count":15,"signal":"Bronchial hyperreactivity","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 15 times (LLR=70)"},{"llr":60.911,"date":"","count":13,"signal":"Breast disorder","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 13 times (LLR=61)"},{"llr":48.226,"date":"","count":15,"signal":"Foetal growth restriction","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 15 times (LLR=48)"},{"llr":37.799,"date":"","count":7,"signal":"Ejaculation failure","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 7 times (LLR=38)"},{"llr":37.414,"date":"","count":6,"signal":"Genital hypoaesthesia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 6 times (LLR=37)"},{"llr":37.342,"date":"","count":17,"signal":"Serotonin syndrome","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 17 times (LLR=37)"},{"llr":35.493,"date":"","count":8,"signal":"Infantile apnoea","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 8 times (LLR=35)"},{"llr":35.386,"date":"","count":10,"signal":"Device related sepsis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 10 times (LLR=35)"},{"llr":30.852,"date":"","count":8,"signal":"Selective eating disorder","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 8 times (LLR=31)"},{"llr":21.947,"date":"","count":6,"signal":"Loss of libido","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 6 times (LLR=22)"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/phenelzine","drug":"phenelzine","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Phenelzine","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"phenelzine"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Metabolic acidosis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Alkalosis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Osmotic diuresis and dehydration","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Rebound hypoglycemia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hypo- and hyper-vitaminosis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Pulmonary embolism due to pulmonary vascular precipitates","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hypersensitivity reactions","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Risk of Infections","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Refeeding syndrome","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hyperglycemia or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Vein damage and thrombosis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hepatobiliary disorders","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Aluminum toxicity","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Parenteral Nutrition Associated Liver Disease","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Electrolyte imbalance and fluid overload","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Pulmonary vascular emboli","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hyperglycemia and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Vein thrombosis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Elevated liver function tests","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hyperammonemia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Electrolyte imbalances","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hypervolemia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"}],"contraindications":["Autoimmune disease","Classical phenylketonuria","Depressive disorder","Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome","Schizophrenia","Systemic lupus erythematosus"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Limited published data with injectable amino acids solutions, including PROSOL in pregnant women are not sufficient to inform drug associated risk for adverse developmental outcomes. However, malnutrition in pregnant women is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Parenteral nutrition should be considered if pregnant womans nutritional requirements cannot be fulfilled by oral or enteral intake. Severe malnutrition in pregnant women is associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations and perinatal mortality. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. However, the background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is to 4% and of miscarriage is 15 to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.","Geriatric use":"Clinical studies of CLINIMIX did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from other younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiopulmonary function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.","Paediatric use":"Neonates, especially premature infants with low birth weight, are at increased risk of developing hypo- or hyperglycemia and therefore need close monitoring during treatment with intravenous glucose solutions to ensure adequate glycemic control in order to avoid potential long term adverse effects. Plasma electrolyte concentrations should be closely monitored in the pediatric patients who may have impaired ability to regulate fluids and electrolytes. Increased risk of hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia: monitor serum glucose concentrations."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"l-tryptophan","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["L-Tryptophan","tryptophan","tryptophane","L-Tryptophane"],"timeline":[],"aiSummary":"L-Tryptophan is a small molecule tryptophan drug that targets myeloperoxidase. It is not FDA approved for any indications, and its commercial status is unknown. As a tryptophan, it is involved in various biological processes, including protein synthesis and neurotransmitter production. L-Tryptophan's mechanism of action involves inhibiting myeloperoxidase, an enzyme involved in the production of reactive oxygen species. Further information on its clinical use and safety profile is not available.","approvals":[{"date":"","orphan":false,"company":"","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"L-Tryptophan","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Myeloperoxidase, Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, Probable G-protein coupled receptor 139","novelty":"First-in-class","targets":[{"gene":"MPO","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Myeloperoxidase","protein":"Myeloperoxidase"},{"gene":"GPR139","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Probable G-protein coupled receptor 139","protein":"Probable G-protein coupled receptor 139"},{"gene":"CASR","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor","protein":"Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"tryptophan","explanation":"CLINIMIX is used as supplement of nutrition in patients, providing macronutrients (amino acids and dextrose) parenterally.The amino acids provide the structural units that make up proteins and are used to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as source of energy.The administered dextrose is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, yielding energy.","oneSentence":"L-Tryptophan works by inhibiting the enzyme myeloperoxidase, which is involved in producing reactive oxygen species.","technicalDetail":"L-Tryptophan acts as a competitive inhibitor of myeloperoxidase, specifically binding to the enzyme's active site and reducing its ability to catalyze the production of hypochlorous acid, a potent oxidizing agent."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan","title":"Tryptophan","extract":"Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.","wiki_society_and_culture":"==Society and culture==\n\n=== Showa Denko contamination scandal ===\n\n\nThere was a large outbreak of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) in the U.S. in 1989, with more than 1,500 cases reported to the CDC and at least 37 deaths. After preliminary investigation revealed that the outbreak was linked to intake of tryptophan, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recalled tryptophan supplements in 1989 and banned most public sales in 1990, with other countries following suit.\n\nSubsequent studies suggested that EMS was linked to specific batches of <small>L</small>-tryptophan supplied by a single large Japanese manufacturer, Showa Denko. It eventually became clear that recent batches of Showa Denko's <small>L</small>-tryptophan were contaminated by trace impurities, which were subsequently thought to be responsible for the 1989 EMS outbreak. However, other evidence suggests that tryptophan itself may be a potentially major contributory factor in EMS. There are also claims that a precursor reached sufficient concentrations to form a toxic dimer.\n\nThe FDA loosened its restrictions on sales and marketing of tryptophan in February 2001,\n\nThe fact that the Showa Denko facility used genetically engineered bacteria to produce the contaminated batches of <small>L</small>-tryptophan later found to have caused the outbreak of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome has been cited as evidence of a need for \"close monitoring of the chemical purity of biotechnology-derived products\". Those calling for purity monitoring have, in turn, been criticized as anti-GMO activists who overlook possible non-GMO causes of contamination and threaten the development of biotech.\n\n===Turkey meat and drowsiness hypothesis===\n\n\nA common assertion in the US and the UK is that heavy consumption of turkey meat—as seen during Thanksgiving and Christmas—results in drowsiness, due to high levels of tryptophan contained in turkey. However, the amount of tryptophan in turkey is comparable with that of other meats. "},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2780","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=TRYPTOPHAN","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=TRYPTOPHAN","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T16:05:24.974425","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"nomifensine","drugSlug":"nomifensine","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"trazodone","drugSlug":"trazodone","fdaApproval":"1981-12-24","patentExpiry":"Mar 27, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"nefazodone","drugSlug":"nefazodone","fdaApproval":"1994-12-22","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"viloxazine","drugSlug":"viloxazine","fdaApproval":"2021-04-02","patentExpiry":"Sep 4, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"mirtazapine","drugSlug":"mirtazapine","fdaApproval":"1996-06-14","genericCount":19,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"bupropion","drugSlug":"bupropion","fdaApproval":"1985-12-30","patentExpiry":"Jun 27, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"venlafaxine","drugSlug":"venlafaxine","fdaApproval":"1993-12-28","genericCount":41,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"milnacipran","drugSlug":"milnacipran","fdaApproval":"2009-01-14","patentExpiry":"Sep 19, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"duloxetine","drugSlug":"duloxetine","fdaApproval":"2004-08-03","patentExpiry":"Apr 13, 2037","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"desvenlafaxine","drugSlug":"desvenlafaxine","fdaApproval":"2008-02-29","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"vilazodone","drugSlug":"vilazodone","fdaApproval":"2011-01-21","genericCount":5,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"vortioxetine","drugSlug":"vortioxetine","fdaApproval":"2013-09-30","patentExpiry":"Sep 21, 2032","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"esketamine","drugSlug":"esketamine","fdaApproval":"2019-05-03","patentExpiry":"Sep 10, 2035","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"levomilnacipran","drugSlug":"levomilnacipran","fdaApproval":"2013-07-25","patentExpiry":"May 23, 2032","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"brexanolone","drugSlug":"brexanolone","fdaApproval":"2019-03-19","patentExpiry":"Nov 27, 2033","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"tryptophan","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"nomifensine","brandName":"nomifensine","genericName":"nomifensine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"trazodone","brandName":"trazodone","genericName":"trazodone","approvalYear":"1981","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"nefazodone","brandName":"nefazodone","genericName":"nefazodone","approvalYear":"1994","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"viloxazine","brandName":"viloxazine","genericName":"viloxazine","approvalYear":"2021","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"mirtazapine","brandName":"mirtazapine","genericName":"mirtazapine","approvalYear":"1996","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"bupropion","brandName":"bupropion","genericName":"bupropion","approvalYear":"1985","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"venlafaxine","brandName":"venlafaxine","genericName":"venlafaxine","approvalYear":"1993","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"milnacipran","brandName":"milnacipran","genericName":"milnacipran","approvalYear":"2009","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"duloxetine","brandName":"duloxetine","genericName":"duloxetine","approvalYear":"2004","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"desvenlafaxine","brandName":"desvenlafaxine","genericName":"desvenlafaxine","approvalYear":"2008","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06372314","phase":"NA","title":"Isoleucine, 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Carcinoma"],"enrollment":27,"completionDate":"2028-05-31"},{"nctId":"NCT07291427","phase":"","title":"Chronic Subdural Hematoma Embolization With Detachable Coils","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","startDate":"2026-07-01","conditions":["Chronic Subdural Hemorrhage (cSDH)"],"enrollment":150,"completionDate":"2028-09-01"},{"nctId":"NCT07461402","phase":"NA","title":"Plant Protein With Ashwagandha-Rhodiola for Sleep Quality","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidad Pablo de Olavide","startDate":"2025-11-01","conditions":["Sleep Quality","Sleep Disorders","Insomnia"],"enrollment":100,"completionDate":"2025-12-04"},{"nctId":"NCT07177885","phase":"","title":"Tryptophan as a Modulating Factor in the Antimigraine Efficacy of Triptans","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University Hospital, 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Carcinoma","Stage IA Breast Cancer","Stage IB Breast Cancer","Stage IIA Breast Cancer","Stage IIB Breast Cancer","Stage IIIA Breast Cancer"],"enrollment":3066,"completionDate":"2024-11-06"},{"nctId":"NCT06718452","phase":"NA","title":"Tinnitus and Treatment With umPEA-LUT","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli","startDate":"2026-04-20","conditions":["Tinnitus","Neuroinflammation"],"enrollment":100,"completionDate":"2026-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT05556473","phase":"PHASE1","title":"F-Tryptophan PET/CT in Human Cancers","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute","startDate":"2022-09-29","conditions":["Intracranial Glioma","Metastatic Brain Tumor","Breast Cancer","Neuroendocrine Tumors","Rectal Cancer"],"enrollment":24,"completionDate":"2027-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT07043374","phase":"","title":"Impact of Humid-Heat on Gut-Tryptophan-Stone Pathway","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","startDate":"2026-09-01","conditions":["Kidney Calculi","Ureteral Calculi"],"enrollment":270,"completionDate":"2027-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT07350538","phase":"NA","title":"The Critical Link Between Gut Microbiome Dysfunction, Cravings and Relapse: RECLAIM-GUT TRIAL","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Roehampton","startDate":"2025-12-10","conditions":["Healthy Subjects"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2026-06-15"},{"nctId":"NCT05050084","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Two Studies for Patients With Unfavorable Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer Testing Less Intense Treatment for Patients With a Low Gene Risk Score and Testing a More Intense Treatment for Patients With a Higher Gene Risk Score, The Guidance Trial","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"NRG Oncology","startDate":"2021-12-06","conditions":["Prostate Adenocarcinoma"],"enrollment":2050,"completionDate":"2026-11-11"},{"nctId":"NCT07162467","phase":"","title":"Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia.","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"Tianjin Anding Hospital","startDate":"2024-02-19","conditions":["Schizophrenia"],"enrollment":200,"completionDate":"2026-06-30"},{"nctId":"NCT04513717","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Two Studies for Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer Testing Less Intense Treatment for Patients With a Low Gene Risk Score and Testing a More Intense Treatment for Patients With a High Gene Risk Score, The PREDICT-RT Trial","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"NRG Oncology","startDate":"2021-01-21","conditions":["Prostate Adenocarcinoma","Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v8","Stage IVA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8"],"enrollment":2753,"completionDate":"2033-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT07190989","phase":"NA","title":"A Replicate Crossover Trial on Nutritional Supplementation in Association Football (Soccer)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Aspire Academy","startDate":"2025-09-21","conditions":["Healthy"],"enrollment":15,"completionDate":"2025-11-01"},{"nctId":"NCT07316127","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Immunoadsorption in Autoimmune Long COVID","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)","startDate":"2026-01-01","conditions":["Long COVID","Long COVID Syndrome","Long COVID-19 Syndrome","Post COVID Syndrome"],"enrollment":70,"completionDate":"2028-03-12"},{"nctId":"NCT06910774","phase":"","title":"Analysis of Peripheral Serotonin Levels in a Control Cohort","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien","startDate":"2025-06-23","conditions":["No Condition : to Establish Reference Serum Serotonin Levels in a Control Cohort"],"enrollment":100,"completionDate":"2025-11-16"},{"nctId":"NCT06378866","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Plus Immediate or Delayed Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitor and Androgen Deprivation Therapy or Salvage Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer, DIVINE Trial","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2024-06-03","conditions":["Recurrent Castration-Sensitive Prostate Carcinoma","Recurrent Prostate Cancer","Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer","Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma"],"enrollment":532,"completionDate":"2029-05-31"},{"nctId":"NCT06414330","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Ringer Acetate Based Modified Del Nido Cardioplegia Solution Versus HTK Solution Cardioplegia Solution in Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2024-06-01","conditions":["Cardiac Ischemia"],"enrollment":124,"completionDate":"2025-12-01"},{"nctId":"NCT07272668","phase":"NA","title":"MA of Tryptophan in Cornmeal in Healthy Adults>60y","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"The Hospital for Sick 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