{"id":"tramazoline","rwe":[{"pmid":"34592949","year":"2021","title":"Comparison of hemostatic effect and safety between epinephrine and tramazoline during nasotracheal intubation: a double-blind randomized trial.","finding":"","journal":"BMC anesthesiology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"31075665","year":"2019","title":"Efficacy of pharmacotherapy for OSA in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.","finding":"","journal":"Sleep medicine reviews","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"26539289","year":"2015","title":"Treatment of acute rhinitis with a nasal spray containing tramazoline and essential oils: a multicenter, uncontrolled, observational trial.","finding":"","journal":"Clinical and translational allergy","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"23397296","year":"2013","title":"The effect of nasal tramazoline with dexamethasone in obstructive sleep apnoea patients.","finding":"","journal":"The European respiratory journal","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"21796997","year":"2011","title":"Study and development of reversed-phase HPLC systems for the determination of 2-imidazolines in the presence of preservatives in pharmaceutical preparations.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of AOAC International","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"tramazoline","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"ADRA2A","category":"gene"},{"label":"ADRA2B","category":"gene"},{"label":"ADRA2C","category":"gene"},{"label":"R01AA09","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Allergic conjunctivitis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Allergic rhinitis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Common cold","category":"indication"},{"label":"Nasal congestion","category":"indication"},{"label":"Nasal discharge","category":"indication"},{"label":"Seasonal allergic rhinitis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sympathomimetics","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{"contraindications":["Angle-closure glaucoma","Benign prostatic hyperplasia","Bladder outflow obstruction","Chronic idiopathic constipation","Chronic obstructive lung disease","Gastrointestinal obstruction","Hypertensive disorder","Hyperthyroidism","Peptic ulcer","Retention of urine"]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"rhinol","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["tramazoline hydrochloride","tramazoline HCl","tramazoline","rhinol"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Rhinol","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Allergic conjunctivitis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"alcaftadine","slug":"alcaftadine","company":"Allergan"},{"name":"alimemazine","slug":"alimemazine","company":"Allergan Herbert"},{"name":"antazoline","slug":"antazoline","company":"Novartis"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Allergic rhinitis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"alimemazine","slug":"alimemazine","company":"Allergan Herbert"},{"name":"antazoline","slug":"antazoline","company":"Novartis"},{"name":"astemizole","slug":"astemizole","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Common cold","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylsalicylic acid","slug":"acetylsalicylic-acid","company":"Endo Pharms"},{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"ammonium chloride","slug":"ammonium-chloride","company":"B Braun"},{"name":"azatadine","slug":"azatadine","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Nasal congestion","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"alimemazine","slug":"alimemazine","company":"Allergan Herbert"},{"name":"ammonium chloride","slug":"ammonium-chloride","company":"B Braun"},{"name":"antazoline","slug":"antazoline","company":"Novartis"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Nasal discharge","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"alimemazine","slug":"alimemazine","company":"Allergan Herbert"},{"name":"ammonium chloride","slug":"ammonium-chloride","company":"B Braun"},{"name":"antazoline","slug":"antazoline","company":"Novartis"}],"globalPrevalence":30000000},{"indication":"Seasonal allergic rhinitis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"azatadine","slug":"azatadine","company":""},{"name":"azelastine","slug":"azelastine","company":"Meda Pharms"},{"name":"brompheniramine","slug":"brompheniramine","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Sneezing","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"alimemazine","slug":"alimemazine","company":"Allergan Herbert"},{"name":"antazoline","slug":"antazoline","company":"Novartis"},{"name":"astemizole","slug":"astemizole","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Vasomotor rhinitis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"antazoline","slug":"antazoline","company":"Novartis"},{"name":"azatadine","slug":"azatadine","company":""},{"name":"azelastine","slug":"azelastine","company":"Meda Pharms"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor","targets":[{"gene":"ADRA2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"ADRA2B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"ADRA2C","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"tramazoline","explanation":"Imagine your nasal passages are like a busy highway. When you're congested, the traffic is backed up and it's hard to breathe. Rhinol helps by narrowing the road, allowing the traffic to flow more easily and reducing congestion.","oneSentence":"Rhinol works by activating the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor to constrict blood vessels in the nasal passages.","technicalDetail":"Rhinol acts as an agonist at the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, triggering a cascade of downstream effects that ultimately lead to vasoconstriction and decreased nasal congestion."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/3620","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=TRAMAZOLINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=TRAMAZOLINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T16:03:32.932618","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"ephedrine","drugSlug":"ephedrine","fdaApproval":"","patentExpiry":"May 16, 2040","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"phenylephrine","drugSlug":"phenylephrine","fdaApproval":"1952-01-21","patentExpiry":"Sep 26, 2036","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"oxymetazoline","drugSlug":"oxymetazoline","fdaApproval":"1986-05-30","patentExpiry":"May 2, 2028","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"tetryzoline","drugSlug":"tetryzoline","fdaApproval":"1979-11-30","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"xylometazoline","drugSlug":"xylometazoline","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"naphazoline","drugSlug":"naphazoline","fdaApproval":"1971-06-07","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"epinephrine","drugSlug":"epinephrine","fdaApproval":"1948-11-19","patentExpiry":"Oct 20, 2036","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"tramazoline","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Allergic conjunctivitis","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":473460002,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Allergic rhinitis","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":61582004,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Common cold","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":82272006,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Nasal congestion","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":68235000,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Nasal discharge","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":64531003,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":30000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 2023 (PMID:36824394)"},{"name":"Seasonal allergic rhinitis","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":367498001,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Sneezing","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":76067001,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Vasomotor rhinitis","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":8229003,"regulator":"FDA"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"ephedrine","brandName":"ephedrine","genericName":"ephedrine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"phenylephrine","brandName":"phenylephrine","genericName":"phenylephrine","approvalYear":"1952","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"oxymetazoline","brandName":"oxymetazoline","genericName":"oxymetazoline","approvalYear":"1986","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"tetryzoline","brandName":"tetryzoline","genericName":"tetryzoline","approvalYear":"1979","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"xylometazoline","brandName":"xylometazoline","genericName":"xylometazoline","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"naphazoline","brandName":"naphazoline","genericName":"naphazoline","approvalYear":"1971","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"epinephrine","brandName":"epinephrine","genericName":"epinephrine","approvalYear":"1948","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01971086","phase":"","title":"Treatment With Rhinospray Plus in Patients With Acute Rhinitis in the Everyday Curative Routine in Hungary","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"2013-10","conditions":["Rhinitis"],"enrollment":300,"completionDate":"2014-03"},{"nctId":"NCT01601509","phase":"NA","title":"Nasal Tramazoline and Dexamethazone in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Patients Tramazoline and","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Athens","startDate":"2010-04","conditions":["Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome"],"enrollment":23,"completionDate":"2012-05"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"004058","UNII":"SLE31693IV","CHEBI":"CHEBI:32251","INN_ID":"1831","RXNORM":"38453","UMLSCUI":"C0076890","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL32573","KEGG_DRUG":"D01347","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB13064","PUBCHEM_CID":"5524","SNOMEDCT_US":"409475007","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"3715-90-0","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C005370"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":47,"therapeuticAreas":["Hematology"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"R01AA09","allCodes":["R01AA09"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2021 Sep 30","pmid":"34592949","title":"Comparison of hemostatic effect and safety between epinephrine and tramazoline during nasotracheal intubation: a double-blind randomized trial.","journal":"BMC anesthesiology"},{"date":"2019 Aug","pmid":"31075665","title":"Efficacy of pharmacotherapy for OSA in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.","journal":"Sleep medicine reviews"},{"date":"2015","pmid":"26539289","title":"Treatment of acute rhinitis with a nasal spray containing tramazoline and essential oils: a multicenter, uncontrolled, observational trial.","journal":"Clinical and translational allergy"},{"date":"2013 Oct","pmid":"23397296","title":"The effect of nasal tramazoline with dexamethasone in obstructive sleep apnoea patients.","journal":"The European respiratory journal"},{"date":"2011 May-Jun","pmid":"21796997","title":"Study and development of reversed-phase HPLC systems for the determination of 2-imidazolines in the presence of preservatives in pharmaceutical preparations.","journal":"Journal of AOAC International"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Rhinol (Tramazoline) is a small molecule drug that targets the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor. It is used to treat various nasal and respiratory conditions, including allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, and common cold symptoms. The commercial status of Rhinol is unknown, and it is not clear if it is patented or available as a generic medication. Key safety considerations include potential side effects such as dry mouth, dizziness, and headache. As a vasoconstrictor, Rhinol works by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages to reduce congestion and discharge.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":true,"score":3}}