{"id":"topiramate-phenytoin","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-20%","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"10-20%","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Fatigue"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Dyspepsia"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1611","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"274.25"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"groq-llama-8b","explanation":"Topiramate's mechanism of action is complex and multifaceted, involving the blockade of voltage-dependent sodium channels, which reduces the frequency and severity of seizures. Additionally, topiramate stabilizes neuronal membranes and reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, which can contribute to seizure activity. This results in a decrease in the excitability of neurons and a reduction in the likelihood of seizure occurrence.","oneSentence":"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant that works by blocking voltage-dependent sodium channels, stabilizing neuronal membranes, and reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:39:27.531Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Seizure prevention in patients with epilepsy"},{"name":"Migraine prevention"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03196466","phase":"","title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic in Pediatrics","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","startDate":"2017-06-19","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":753},{"nctId":"NCT05756621","phase":"","title":"Dual Anti-glutamate Therapy in Super-refractory Status Epilepticus After Cardiac Arrest","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Milano Bicocca","startDate":"2022-01-15","conditions":"Status Epilepticus, Cardiac Arrest","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT03636958","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Perampanel in Combination in Glioma-refractory Epilepsy","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Marseille","startDate":"2021-02-15","conditions":"Refractory Epilepsy","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT05236166","phase":"NA","title":"Multicentre Study on Rapid Versus Slow Withdrawal of Antiepileptic Monotherapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Magna Graecia","startDate":"2017-04-26","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT02707965","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Characterization of Epilepsy Patients BEEP 2b","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","startDate":"2017-06-08","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":21},{"nctId":"NCT00404248","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Tetra-O-Methyl Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in Treating Patients With Recurrent High-Grade Glioma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins","startDate":"2007-01","conditions":"Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT01713946","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Placebo-controlled Study of Efficacy & Safety of 2 Trough-ranges of Everolimus as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) & Refractory Partial-onset Seizures","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2013-04-29","conditions":"Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-associated Refractory Seizures","enrollment":366},{"nctId":"NCT02374567","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric Patients","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Hannover Medical School","startDate":"2015-01","conditions":"Dementia, Depression, Schizophrenia","enrollment":407},{"nctId":"NCT00598923","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Preventing Epilepsy After Traumatic Brain Injury With Topiramate","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Pennsylvania","startDate":"2004-11","conditions":"Traumatic Brain Injury, Epilepsy","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT02205931","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ketogenic Diet in Infants With Epilepsy (KIWE)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University College, London","startDate":"2015-01","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":160},{"nctId":"NCT00068770","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Celecoxib in Patients With Newly Diagnosed GBM Who Are Receiving Anticonvulsant Drugs and Undergoing RT","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins","startDate":"2003-10","conditions":"Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT01390909","phase":"","title":"Clinical and Economic Burden of Uncontrolled Epilepsy: Analyses From a Medicaid Database and a Private Health Plan Database","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"GlaxoSmithKline","startDate":"2010-05","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":12386},{"nctId":"NCT00210782","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Topiramate and Phenytoin in Patients With New Onset Epilepsy Requiring Rapid Initiation of Antiepileptic Drug Treatment","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.","startDate":"2004-06","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":262},{"nctId":"NCT00552526","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ketogenic Diet vs.Antiepileptic Drug Treatment in Drug Resistant Epilepsy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Oslo University Hospital","startDate":"2007-11","conditions":"Epilepsy, Mental Retardation","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":1,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"topiramate, phenytoin","genericName":"topiramate, phenytoin","companyName":"Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.","companyId":"johnson-johnson-pharmaceutical-research-development-l-l-c","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant that works by blocking voltage-dependent sodium channels, stabilizing neuronal membranes, and reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. Used for Seizure prevention in patients with epilepsy, Migraine prevention.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}