{"id":"topiramate-carbamazepine-valproate","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-20%","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"10-20%","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Fatigue"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Drowsiness"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL433","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"166.20"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"groq-llama-8b","explanation":"Topiramate's mechanism of action is thought to involve the blockade of voltage-dependent sodium channels, which reduces the frequency of action potentials in neurons. Carbamazepine, on the other hand, stabilizes inactivated sodium channels, which prevents the excessive neuronal firing that can lead to seizures. Valproate's exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve the modulation of GABA receptors and the inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium channels.","oneSentence":"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant that acts as a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker, whereas Carbamazepine is a tricyclic compound that stabilizes inactivated sodium channels, and Valproate is a fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:39:25.835Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Partial onset seizures"},{"name":"Generalized seizures"},{"name":"Migraine prophylaxis"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03196466","phase":"","title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic in Pediatrics","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","startDate":"2017-06-19","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":753},{"nctId":"NCT03689114","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Low vs. Standard 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