{"id":"thiazide-or-thiazide-like-diuretics","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Hypokalemia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Hyperglycemia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Hyperuricemia"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Hyponatremia"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":"<1","effect":"Ototoxicity (high doses)"},{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Photosensitivity"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"These drugs block the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the kidney's distal convoluted tubule, preventing electrolyte reabsorption and increasing urine output. By reducing circulating blood volume and total body sodium, they lower blood pressure. They also have a direct vasodilatory effect on blood vessels that contributes to their antihypertensive action.","oneSentence":"Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, promoting urinary sodium and water excretion to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:12:27.898Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Hypertension"},{"name":"Edema associated with congestive heart failure"},{"name":"Edema associated with hepatic cirrhosis"},{"name":"Edema associated with renal disease"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05542056","phase":"","title":"Urinary Prostaglandin as a Potential Predictive Marker for Thiazide-induced Hyponatremia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","startDate":"2022-09-26","conditions":"Thiazide-induced Hyponatremia (TIH)","enrollment":232},{"nctId":"NCT06964217","phase":"","title":"Immediate Fracture Risk After Antihypertensive Drug Initiation","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Ajou University School of Medicine","startDate":"2025-06-01","conditions":"Hypertension, Fracture","enrollment":10000000},{"nctId":"NCT06414759","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Combination Diuretic Therapy in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Volume Overload","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2024-07-01","conditions":"Acute Decompensated Heart Failure, Volume Overload, Edema","enrollment":110},{"nctId":"NCT04860011","phase":"PHASE3","title":"DAPAgliflozin Versus Thiazide Diuretic in Patients With Heart Failure and Diuretic RESISTance","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde","startDate":"2021-04-27","conditions":"Heart Failure","enrollment":61},{"nctId":"NCT04330300","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) ACEi/ARB Investigation","status":"SUSPENDED","sponsor":"National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland","startDate":"2020-04-30","conditions":"Hypertension, COVID-19","enrollment":2414},{"nctId":"NCT02591628","phase":"NA","title":"Treatment of Hypertension In Adults With ThiaZIDES: Pragmatic Trial Pilot Study","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"HealthPartners Institute","startDate":"2015-08","conditions":"Hypertension","enrollment":2027},{"nctId":"NCT00670787","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Combination Pill of Losartan Potassium and Hydrochlorothiazide for Improvement of Medication Compliance Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kyushu University","startDate":"2008-06","conditions":"Hypertension","enrollment":207}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":20401,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone, chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide, bendroflumethiazide, indapamide"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Thiazide or Thiazide-like diuretics","genericName":"Thiazide or Thiazide-like diuretics","companyName":"National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland","companyId":"national-university-of-ireland-galway-ireland","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, promoting urinary sodium and water excretion to reduce blood volume and blood pressure. Used for Hypertension, Edema associated with congestive heart failure, Edema associated with hepatic cirrhosis.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}