{"id":"temoporfin","rwe":[{"pmid":"41690352","year":"2026","title":"Enhancing photodynamic therapy via encapsulated temoporfin by silica nanoparticles: A red blood cell-based efficacy and modeling study.","finding":"","journal":"Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41678424","year":"2026","title":"Photodynamic Therapy for Central Early-Stage Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Comparative Study of Photofrin, Chlorin e6, and Foscan.","finding":"","journal":"Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41439111","year":"2025","title":"A Systems Biology and Drug Repositioning Approach for the Analysis of Mutual Genes Between Celiac Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.","finding":"","journal":"BioMed research international","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40714617","year":"2025","title":"trans-A(2)B-Corroles containing an oxime moiety: Novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of lung cancer.","finding":"","journal":"European journal of medicinal chemistry","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40557531","year":"2025","title":"Rational molecular design of two-photon activated temoporfin: a computational study for advanced photodynamic therapy.","finding":"","journal":"Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"temoporfin","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"L01XD05","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Neoplasm of head and neck","category":"indication"},{"label":"Squamous cell carcinoma","category":"indication"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dermatologic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Photosensitizing Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Radiation-Sensitizing Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=TEMOPORFIN","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:58:29.769306+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:58:35.910356+00:00"},"regulatory.eu":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"European Medicines Agency","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ema_api","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:58:29.837254+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=TEMOPORFIN","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:58:36.343785+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL500576/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:58:37.149423+00:00"}},"allNames":"foscan","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["temoporfin","foscan","fosgel","foslipos"],"timeline":[{"date":"2001-10-24","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"EMA approval"}],"aiSummary":"Foscan (Temoporfin) is a small molecule drug in the temoporfin class, used to treat neoplasm of the head and neck and squamous cell carcinoma. It is a photosensitizing agent that works by accumulating in cancer cells and reacting with light to produce a toxic compound that kills the cells. The commercial status of Foscan is not explicitly stated, but it is likely patented. Key safety considerations include its potential to cause skin and eye irritation, as well as the risk of photosensitivity reactions. Foscan has a half-life of 91.5 hours.","brandName":"Foscan","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Neoplasm of head and neck","otherDrugs":[],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Squamous cell carcinoma","otherDrugs":[{"name":"bleomycin","slug":"bleomycin","company":"Bristol Myers Squibb"},{"name":"cemiplimab","slug":"cemiplimab","company":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals "}],"globalPrevalence":510000}],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"temoporfin","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Foscan is a photosensitizing agent that undergoes a type II photodynamic reaction, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species that induce cell death through apoptosis and necrosis."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2588","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=TEMOPORFIN","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=TEMOPORFIN","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_emaChecked":true,"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T02:49:34.747983","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:58:38.850753+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"porfimer","drugSlug":"porfimer","fdaApproval":"1995-12-27","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methyl aminolevulinate","drugSlug":"methyl-aminolevulinate","fdaApproval":"2004-07-27","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"aminolevulinic acid","drugSlug":"aminolevulinic-acid","fdaApproval":"1999-12-03","patentExpiry":"Oct 15, 2040","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"temoporfin","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Neoplasm of head and neck","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":255055008,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Squamous cell carcinoma","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":402815007,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":510000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"IARC GLOBOCAN, 2022"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"porfimer","brandName":"porfimer","genericName":"porfimer","approvalYear":"1995","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methyl-aminolevulinate","brandName":"methyl aminolevulinate","genericName":"methyl aminolevulinate","approvalYear":"2004","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"aminolevulinic-acid","brandName":"aminolevulinic acid","genericName":"aminolevulinic acid","approvalYear":"1999","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03003065","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Tumoricidal Effect of Low Dose Foscan PDT in Patients With Inoperable Bile Duct Cancers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","startDate":"2014-03-28","conditions":["Cholangiocarcinoma","Tumor","Klatskin Tumor"],"enrollment":10,"completionDate":"2023-08-12"},{"nctId":"NCT01854684","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Photodynamic Therapy During Surgery in Treating Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer That Can Be Removed by Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Roswell Park Cancer Institute","startDate":"2014-02-21","conditions":["Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma","Stage IIA Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma","Stage IIB Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma","Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","Stage IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"enrollment":8,"completionDate":"2018-09-04"},{"nctId":"NCT01718223","phase":"NA","title":"Photodynamic Therapy Using Temoporfin Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Recurrent Oral Cavity or Oropharyngeal Cancer","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Roswell Park Cancer Institute","startDate":"2013-12","conditions":["Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity","Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx","Recurrent Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity","Stage I Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity","Stage I Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx","Stage I Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity","Stage II Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity","Stage II Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx","Stage II Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity","Tongue Cancer"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2014-08"},{"nctId":"NCT01637376","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Temoporfin for Non-Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"University of Arkansas","startDate":"2012-07","conditions":["Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell-Lung"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2014-01"},{"nctId":"NCT00003856","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Photodynamic Therapy in Treating Patients With Recurrent, Refractory, or Second Primary Head and Neck Cancer That Cannot Be Treated With Surgery or Radiation Therapy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Quintiles, Inc.","startDate":"1998-10","conditions":["Head and Neck Cancer"],"enrollment":75,"completionDate":""},{"nctId":"NCT01415986","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Temoporfin for Advanced Head and Neck Cancers","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Arkansas","startDate":"2010-11","conditions":["Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and 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