{"id":"taurolidine","rwe":[],"_fda":{"id":"7691bd08-693e-4662-b095-6f19f154c2ae","set_id":"13b3a61e-5a4b-4afb-8fa1-d76ebdb344d6","openfda":{"nui":["N0000175980","M0010187","N0000175474"],"unii":["T2410KM04A","8OBZ1M4V3V"],"route":["INTRALUMINAL"],"rxcui":["2670461","2670468","2670471","2670472"],"spl_id":["7691bd08-693e-4662-b095-6f19f154c2ae"],"brand_name":["DEFENCATH"],"spl_set_id":["13b3a61e-5a4b-4afb-8fa1-d76ebdb344d6"],"package_ndc":["72990-103-03","72990-103-10","72990-105-05","72990-105-10"],"product_ndc":["72990-103","72990-105"],"generic_name":["TAUROLIDINE AND HEPARIN"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"pharm_class_cs":["Heparin [CS]"],"substance_name":["HEPARIN","TAUROLIDINE"],"pharm_class_epc":["Anti-coagulant [EPC]","Unfractionated Heparin [EPC]"],"manufacturer_name":["CorMedix Inc."],"application_number":["NDA214520"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"7","pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary DEFENCATH is not intended for systemic administration. It is intended for use as a CLS in patients with kidney failure requiring chronic HD; therefore, maternal use is not expected to result in fetal exposure to the drug [see Dosage and Administration (2) ] . No animal reproduction study was conducted with DEFENCATH."],"references":["15 REFERENCES Torres-Viera, C, Thauvin-Eliopoulos C., Souli M, DeGirolamin P, Farris MG Wennerstein CB, Sofia RD and Eliopoulos GM. 2000.Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44(6): 1720 - 1724."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION DEFENCATH (taurolidine and heparin) CLS contains taurolidine, a thiadiazinane antimicrobial, and heparin sodium, an anti-coagulant. Taurolidine Taurolidine is an antimicrobial agent derived from the naturally occurring amino acid taurine. The chemical name is 4,4'-methylenebis(1,2,4-thiadiazinane)-1,1,1',1'-tetraoxide. The molecular weight is 284.36, and the molecular formula is C 7 H 16 N 4 O 4 S 2 . The structural formula of taurolidine is: Heparin Sodium Heparin is an anticoagulant consisting of heterogeneous group of straight-chain anionic mucopolysaccharides, called glycosaminoglycans. It is composed of polymers of alternating derivatives of α-D-glucosamido ( N -sulfated, O -sulfated, or N -acetylated) and O -sulfated uronic acid (α-L-iduronic acid or β-D-glucuronic acid). Heparin is derived from porcine intestinal mucosa. The structure of heparin sodium (representative subunits) is: DEFENCATH is for central venous catheter instillation use. DEFENCATH CLS is available as a sterile, non-pyrogenic, preservative-free, clear, aqueous-based solution of taurolidine and heparin with a pH of 5.5-6.5 in the following strengths: 3 mL of catheter lock solution in a single-dose vial containing taurolidine 40.5 mg/3 mL (13.5 mg/mL), and heparin 3,000 USP Units/3 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) 5 mL of catheter lock solution in a single-dose vial containing taurolidine 67.5 mg/5 mL (13.5 mg/mL), and heparin 5,000 USP Units/5 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) The heparin potency is determined by a biological assay using a USP reference standard based on units of heparin activity per milligram. The inactive ingredients are 26.1 mg/mL of citric acid, anhydrous (which is added to control pH and maintain the solubility of taurolidine),and may include hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. Figure1 Figure2"],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING DEFENCATH cathether lock solution is available in: 3 mL of catheter lock solution in a single-dose vial containing taurolidine 40.5 mg/3 mL (13.5 mg/mL), and heparin 3,000 USP Units/3 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) (NDC 72990-103-03) 5 mL of catheter lock solution in a single-dose vial containing taurolidine 67.5 mg/5 mL (13.5 mg/mL), and heparin 5,000 USP Units/5 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) (NDC 72990-105-05) Each vial contains a sterile, preservative-free, clear aqueous-based solution for instillation in central venous catheters. Each carton contains 10 single-dose vials. DEFENCATH vials must be stored at a controlled room temperature of 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions are permitted from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not freeze. DEFENCATH vials must be stored in the commercial carton, prior to the instillation in central venous catheters. Manufactured for: CorMedix Inc. 300 Connell Drive, Suite 4200 Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922"],"geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use There were 327 patients 65 years of age and older in Trial 1 [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Of the total number of patients using DEFENCATH in this study, 162 (41%) were 65 years of age and older, while 64 (16%) were 75 years of age and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients 65 years of age and older and younger adult patients."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of DEFENCATH have not been established in pediatric patients. There are no available data on DEFENCATH use in pediatric patients."],"effective_time":"20250929","clinical_studies":["14 CLINICAL STUDIES The efficacy and safety of DEFENCATH for reducing the incidence of CRBSI in patients with kidney failure receiving chronic HD was evaluated in LOCK-IT-100 (referred to as Trial 1, NCT02651428), a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicenter trial. A total of 806 patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either DEFENCATH or heparin (heparin sodium USP 1,000 units/mL, benzyl alcohol 9.45 mg/mL and sodium chloride 9.0 mg/mL) as a CLS. Enrollment in Trial 1 was not limited to patients with specific types of HD catheters. DEFENCATH or heparin was instilled into central venous HD catheters at the end of all dialysis sessions and was withdrawn prior to the initiation of the next dialysis session. The median age of the study population was 63 years (range 21-94 years); 58% identified as males and 63% identified as white. The majority of patients (98%) had HD treatment three times per week, and 48% had their catheter implanted within three months prior to randomization. A clinical adjudication committee (CAC) assessed the cases of CRBSI. The CAC definition for CRBSI included one positive blood culture (other than for coagulase-negative staphylococci, which required a confirmatory culture) from a peripheral site or either the arterial or venous catheter hub or the arterial or venous dialysis blood line and the patient had to have signs and symptoms of infection and no other apparent source of bloodstream infection. Results of analyses of CAC-adjudicated CRBSI among the DEFENCATH and heparin groups in all randomized patients who received at least one dose of allocated study CLS are presented in Table 3. Patients in the DEFENCATH group had a lower incidence of CRBSI events compared to patients in the control group. Table 3. Results of Analyses of CAC-Adjudicated CRBSI in Patients with Kidney Failure Receiving HD in Trial 1 DEFENCATH (N=397) Heparin (N=398) CAC-adjudicated CRBSI 9 (2.3%) 32 (8.0%) Event rate per 1000 catheter-days (95% CI) 0.13 (0.07, 0.26) 0.46 (0.33, 0.66) Risk reduction (95% CI) Based on 1 – Hazard Ratio 71% (38%, 86%) Log-rank test p-value 0.0006 In total, 5% [18/397] of subjects in the DEFENCATH arm and 5% [21/398] of subjects in the heparin arm died during the trial (difference [DEFENCATH – Heparin]: -0.7% with a 95% CI[-3.7%, 2.3%]). Among the 9 patients in the DEFENCATH arm with a CAC-adjudicated CRBSI, 1 had a gram-negative organism isolated and 8 had a gram-positive organism isolated; among the 32 patients in the heparin arm with a CAC-adjudicated CRBSI, 14 had a gram-negative organism isolated and 18 had a gram-positive organism isolated."],"pharmacodynamics":["12.2 Pharmacodynamics The pharmacodynamics of DEFENCATH are unknown.","12.4 Microbiology Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of taurolidine and its metabolites is non-specific, causing damage to microbial cell walls and inhibiting adherence of microorganisms to biological surfaces. Resistance Time kill studies showed that taurolidine is bactericidal (>3 log 10 CFU reduction) at 1x to 4x minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The frequency of resistant mutants was <10 -9 at 2x and 4x MIC for two strains each of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . 1 Antimicrobial Activity The following in vitro data are available but their clinical significance is unknown. Taurolidine has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms: Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) Staphylococcus epidermidis Enterococcus faecalis Gram-negative Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens Fungi Candida albicans Candida glabrata"],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics No pharmacokinetic studies were conducted because DEFENCATH is intended to be instilled into the catheter lumens at the conclusion of each HD session for patients with kidney failure requiring chronic HD. DEFENCATH is not intended for systemic administration [see Dosage and Administration (2) ] ."],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Drug Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] The most frequently reported adverse reactions occurring in greater than or equal to 2% of patients in Trial 1 using DEFENCATH as a CLS were hemodialysis catheter malfunction, hemorrhage/bleeding, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, musculoskeletal chest pain, and thrombocytopenia. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact CorMedix Inc at 1-844-424-6345 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Overview of the Safety Evaluation of DEFENCATH The safety of DEFENCATH was evaluated in a single, active-controlled, double-blind, randomized Phase 3 trial, LOCK-IT-100 (referred to as Trial 1), in adult patients with kidney failure receiving chronic HD through a CVC. In Trial 1, the safety population was comprised of 797 patients with 398 patients using DEFENCATH as a CLS and 399 using heparin as a CLS. Patients used DEFENCATH as a CLS for a mean duration of 173 days, and a range of 4 to 863 days. The mean age of the patients in Trial 1 was 61 years, 58% of patients identified as male (42% patients identified as female), 63% of patients identified as white and 30% identified as black or African-American. Patients with diabetes at baseline accounted for 70% of patients and the mean body mass index (BMI) of patients in the study was 30. The majority of patients (68%) had been receiving HD for 12 months or less. The location of the CVC was the jugular vein in 92% of patients. Serious Adverse Reactions and Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation In Trial 1, serious adverse reactions occurred in 40% (159/398) of patients receiving DEFENCATH as a CLS and 42% (167/399) of patients receiving heparin as a CLS. Adverse reactions leading to death occurred in 5% (18/398) of patients in the DEFENCATH arm and 5% (21/399) of patients in the heparin arm. Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of study drug occurred in 17% (69/398) of patients in the DEFENCATH arm and 18% (72/399) of patients in the heparin arm. Common Adverse Reactions In Trial 1, adverse reactions were reported in 79% (314/398) of patients using DEFENCATH as a CLS and 79% (315/399) of patients using heparin. Table 1 lists selected adverse reactions occurring in ≥2% of patients using DEFENCATH or heparin in Trial 1. Table 1: Selected Adverse Reactions Occurring in Greater Than or Equal to 2% of Patients Receiving DEFENCATH in Trial 1 Adverse Reactions DEFENCATH (N=398) N (%) Heparin (N=399) N (%) Product Issues Hemodialysis catheter malfunction Grouped term includes device malfunction 68 (17) 47 (12) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Hemorrhage/bleeding Grouped term includes: hematoma/hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, arteriovenous graft or fistula site hemorrhage, catheter site hematoma/hemorrhage, cerebral/cerebellar hemorrhage, eye/conjunctival hemorrhage, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematuria, hemobilia, hemoptysis, renal hematoma, vaginal/uterine hemorrhage 27 (7) 34 (9) Thrombocytopenia 7 (2) 4 (1) Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea Grouped term includes nausea and procedural nausea 28 (7) 44 (11) Vomiting Grouped term includes vomiting and procedural vomiting 24 (6) 32 (8) Nervous system disorders Dizziness 22 (6) 16 (4) Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders Musculoskeletal chest pain Grouped term Includes non-cardiac chest pain, musculoskeletal chest pain, chest discomfort 11 (3) 7 (2) Table 2 lists the proportion of patients in Trial 1 that developed loss of catheter patency defined as requiring use of a thrombolytic agent to resolve catheter thrombosis or removal of the catheter due to malfunction/dysfunction. Table 2: Loss of Catheter Patency in Trial 1 DEFENCATH (N=398) N (%) Heparin (N=399) N (%) Loss of Catheter Patency 63 (16) 48 (12) Use of a Thrombolytic Agent 11 subjects in each arm had catheter removal following thrombolytic agent use and are included under both categories of use of a thrombolytic agent and catheter removal. 46 (12) 33 (8) Catheter Removal Catheter removal refers to catheters removed due to loss of catheter patency. Overall, a total of 236 patients in the DEFENCATH arm and 225 patients in the heparin arm had a catheter removal for any reason, including loss of catheter patency. 28 (7) 26 (7) Catheter Removal without Thrombolytic Agent Use 17 (4) 15 (4) Other Adverse Reactions Clinically significant adverse reactions that occurred in fewer than 1% of patients receiving DEFENCATH in Trial 1 are listed below: Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Hypocalcemia Nervous System Disorders: Dysgeusia 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reaction has been identified during the use of a taurolidine and heparin containing CLS outside of the United States. Because this reaction is reported from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate its frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Nervous System Disorders: Paresthesia"],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS DEFENCATH is contraindicated in patients with: Known heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Known hypersensitivity to taurolidine, heparin or the citrate excipient (components of DEFENCATH) or pork products [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Known heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. ( 4 ) Known hypersensitivity to taurolidine, heparin or the citrate excipient (components of DEFENCATH), or pork products. ( 4 )"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action Heparin Heparin interacts with the naturally occurring plasma protein, Antithrombin III, to induce a conformational change, which markedly enhances the serine protease activity of Antithrombin III, thereby inhibiting the activated coagulation factors involved in the clotting sequence, particularly Xa and IIa. Small amounts of heparin inhibit Factor Xa, and larger amounts inhibit thrombin (Factor IIa). Heparin also prevents the formation of a stable fibrin clot by inhibiting the activation of the fibrin stabilizing factor. Heparin does not have fibrinolytic activity; therefore, it will not lyse existing clots. Taurolidine Taurolidine is an antimicrobial drug [see Microbiology (12.4) ] ."],"recent_major_changes":["Dosage and Administration ( 2 ) 12/2024"],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Heparin Heparin interacts with the naturally occurring plasma protein, Antithrombin III, to induce a conformational change, which markedly enhances the serine protease activity of Antithrombin III, thereby inhibiting the activated coagulation factors involved in the clotting sequence, particularly Xa and IIa. Small amounts of heparin inhibit Factor Xa, and larger amounts inhibit thrombin (Factor IIa). Heparin also prevents the formation of a stable fibrin clot by inhibiting the activation of the fibrin stabilizing factor. Heparin does not have fibrinolytic activity; therefore, it will not lyse existing clots. Taurolidine Taurolidine is an antimicrobial drug [see Microbiology (12.4) ] . 12.2 Pharmacodynamics The pharmacodynamics of DEFENCATH are unknown. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics No pharmacokinetic studies were conducted because DEFENCATH is intended to be instilled into the catheter lumens at the conclusion of each HD session for patients with kidney failure requiring chronic HD. DEFENCATH is not intended for systemic administration [see Dosage and Administration (2) ] . 12.4 Microbiology Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of taurolidine and its metabolites is non-specific, causing damage to microbial cell walls and inhibiting adherence of microorganisms to biological surfaces. Resistance Time kill studies showed that taurolidine is bactericidal (>3 log 10 CFU reduction) at 1x to 4x minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The frequency of resistant mutants was <10 -9 at 2x and 4x MIC for two strains each of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . 1 Antimicrobial Activity The following in vitro data are available but their clinical significance is unknown. Taurolidine has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms: Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) Staphylococcus epidermidis Enterococcus faecalis Gram-negative Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens Fungi Candida albicans Candida glabrata"],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE LIMITED POPULATION: DEFENCATH ® is indicated to reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in adult patients with kidney failure receiving chronic hemodialysis (HD) through a central venous catheter (CVC). This drug is indicated for use in a limited and specific population of patients [see Clinical Studies (14) ]. Limitations of Use The safety and effectiveness of DEFENCATH have not been established for use in populations other than adult patients with kidney failure receiving chronic HD through a CVC. LIMITED POPULATION: DEFENCATH is a combination of taurolidine, a thiadiazinane antimicrobial, and heparin, an anti-coagulant, indicated to reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in adult patients with kidney failure receiving chronic hemodialysis (HD) through a central venous catheter (CVC). This drug is indicated for use in a limited and specific population of patients. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use The safety and effectiveness of DEFENCATH have not been established for use in populations other than adult patients with kidney failure receiving chronic HD through a CVC. ( 1 )"],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) : HIT was reported in Trial 1 at an incidence rate of 0.3% in patients using heparin, a component of DEFENCATH as a CLS. If HIT occurs, discontinue DEFENCATH and institute appropriate supportive measures. ( 5.1 ) Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions : Drug hypersensitivity reactions were reported in Trial 1 at an incidence rate of 0.5% in patients using heparin, a component of DEFENCATH, as a CLS. If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue DEFENCATH and institute appropriate supportive measures. ( 5.2 ) 5.1 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) was reported at an incidence rate of 0.3% in Trial 1 in patients using heparin, a component of DEFENCATH, as a CLS. If HIT occurs, discontinue DEFENCATH and institute appropriate supportive measures [see Contraindications (4) ] . 5.2 Drug Hypersensitivity Drug hypersensitivity reactions were reported at an incidence rate of 0.5% in Trial 1 in patients using heparin, a component of DEFENCATH, as a CLS. If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue DEFENCATH and institute appropriate supportive measures [see Contraindications (4) ] ."],"clinical_studies_table":["
Table 3. Results of Analyses of CAC-Adjudicated CRBSI in Patients with Kidney Failure Receiving HD in Trial 1
DEFENCATH (N=397)Heparin (N=398)
CAC-adjudicated CRBSI9 (2.3%)32 (8.0%)
Event rate per 1000 catheter-days (95% CI)0.13 (0.07, 0.26)0.46 (0.33, 0.66)
Risk reduction (95% CI)Based on 1 – Hazard Ratio71% (38%, 86%)
Log-rank test p-value0.0006
"],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis Carcinogenicity studies in animals have not been conducted with taurolidine or heparin. Mutagenesis Taurolidine was positive in vitro in an Ames reverse mutation assay and it increased mutation frequency in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. However, taurolidine was negative in an in vivo combined micronucleus test and comet assay in rats at the highest dose tested, 600 mg/kg/day administered intravenously. No studies have been conducted with heparin to determine its mutagenic potential. Impairment of Fertility Fertility studies have not been conducted with DEFENCATH due to its negligible clinical exposure."],"adverse_reactions_table":["
Table 1: Selected Adverse Reactions Occurring in Greater Than or Equal to 2% of Patients Receiving DEFENCATH in Trial 1
Adverse ReactionsDEFENCATH (N=398) N (%)Heparin (N=399) N (%)
Product Issues
Hemodialysis catheter malfunctionGrouped term includes device malfunction68 (17)47 (12)
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Hemorrhage/bleedingGrouped term includes: hematoma/hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, arteriovenous graft or fistula site hemorrhage, catheter site hematoma/hemorrhage, cerebral/cerebellar hemorrhage, eye/conjunctival hemorrhage, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematuria, hemobilia, hemoptysis, renal hematoma, vaginal/uterine hemorrhage27 (7)34 (9)
Thrombocytopenia7 (2)4 (1)
Gastrointestinal disorders
NauseaGrouped term includes nausea and procedural nausea28 (7)44 (11)
VomitingGrouped term includes vomiting and procedural vomiting24 (6)32 (8)
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness22 (6)16 (4)
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Musculoskeletal chest painGrouped term Includes non-cardiac chest pain, musculoskeletal chest pain, chest discomfort11 (3)7 (2)
","
Table 2: Loss of Catheter Patency in Trial 1
DEFENCATH (N=398) N (%)Heparin (N=399) N (%)
Loss of Catheter Patency63 (16)48 (12)
Use of a Thrombolytic Agent11 subjects in each arm had catheter removal following thrombolytic agent use and are included under both categories of use of a thrombolytic agent and catheter removal.46 (12)33 (8)
Catheter RemovalCatheter removal refers to catheters removed due to loss of catheter patency. Overall, a total of 236 patients in the DEFENCATH arm and 225 patients in the heparin arm had a catheter removal for any reason, including loss of catheter patency.28 (7)26 (7)
Catheter Removal without Thrombolytic Agent Use17 (4)15 (4)
"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION DEFENCATH is for instillation into CVCs only [see Indications and Usage (1) ]. DEFENCATH is not intended for systemic administration. Do not use DEFENCATH as a catheter lock flush product. Withdraw a sufficient volume of DEFENCATH catheter lock solution (CLS) from the vial using a sterile needle and syringe to fill the catheter lumens. Use 3 mL or 5 mL single-dose vial (depending on the volume of the catheter lumens) to instill DEFENCATH into each catheter lumen at the conclusion of each HD session for patients with kidney failure requiring chronic HD. Prior to initiation of the next HD session, DEFENCATH should be aspirated from the catheter and discarded. If DEFENCATH cannot be aspirated, continue with standard of care CVC preparation and flush with normal saline. If a catheter malfunction is suspected, appropriate standard of care measures should be instituted. Each DEFENCATH single-dose vial is designed for use with a single patient as a single instillation in the CVC. Discard any unused portion of DEFENCATH remaining in the vial. DEFENCATH is for instillation into CVCs only. ( 2 ) DEFENCATH is not intended for systemic administration. ( 2 ) Do not use DEFENCATH as a catheter lock flush product. ( 2 ) Withdraw a sufficient volume of DEFENCATH catheter lock solution (CLS) from the vial using a sterile needle and syringe to fill the catheter lumens. ( 2 ) Use 3 mL or 5 mL single dose vial (depending on the volume of the catheter lumens) to instill DEFENCATH into each catheter lumen at the conclusion of each HD session. ( 2 ) DEFENCATH should be aspirated from the catheter and discarded prior to the initiation of the next HD session. ( 2 ) Discard any unused portion of DEFENCATH remaining in the vial. ( 2 )"],"spl_product_data_elements":["DEFENCATH taurolidine and heparin ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID HYDROCHLORIC ACID SODIUM HYDROXIDE TAUROLIDINE TAUROLIDINE HEPARIN HEPARIN DEFENCATH taurolidine and heparin ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID HYDROCHLORIC ACID SODIUM HYDROXIDE TAUROLIDINE TAUROLIDINE HEPARIN HEPARIN"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS DEFENCATH CLS is available as a sterile, preservative-free, clear, aqueous-based solution in the following strengths: 3 mL of catheter lock solution in a single-dose vial containing taurolidine 40.5 mg/3 mL (13.5 mg/mL), and heparin 3,000 USP Units/3 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) 5 mL of catheter lock solution in a single-dose vial containing taurolidine 67.5 mg/5 mL (13.5 mg/mL), and heparin 5,000 USP Units/5 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) DEFENCATH is a sterile catheter lock solution available in single-dose vials in the following strengths: 3 mL containing taurolidine 40.5 mg/3 mL (13.5 mg/mL), and heparin 3,000 USP Units/3 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) ( 3 ) 5 mL containing taurolidine 67.5 mg/5 mL (13.5 mg/mL), and heparin 5,000 USP Units/5 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) ( 3 )"],"recent_major_changes_table":["
Dosage and Administration (2)12/2024
"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary DEFENCATH is not intended for systemic administration. It is intended for use as a CLS in patients with kidney failure requiring chronic HD; therefore, maternal use is not expected to result in fetal exposure to the drug [see Dosage and Administration (2) ] . No animal reproduction study was conducted with DEFENCATH. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary DEFENCATH is not intended for systemic administration. It is intended for use as a CLS in patients with kidney failure requiring chronic HD; therefore, breastfeeding is not expected to result in exposure of the infant to DEFENCATH [see Dosage and Administration (2) ] . 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of DEFENCATH have not been established in pediatric patients. There are no available data on DEFENCATH use in pediatric patients. 8.5 Geriatric Use There were 327 patients 65 years of age and older in Trial 1 [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Of the total number of patients using DEFENCATH in this study, 162 (41%) were 65 years of age and older, while 64 (16%) were 75 years of age and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients 65 years of age and older and younger adult patients."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 72990- 103 -10 Rx Only DEFENCATH ® Taurolidine and Heparin Catheter Lock Solution Limited Population* Taurolidine 40.5 mg/3 mL (13.5 mg/mL) and Heparin 3,000 USP Units/3 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) Derived from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa 3 mL For Instillation in Central Venous Catheters Not for systemic administration. Do not use as a catheter lock flush *See prescribing information for DEFENCATH for information about the limited population. Contains 10 Single-dose vials. Discard unused portion. CorMedix Inc. ® Figure3","PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 72990- 103 -10 Rx Only DEFENCATH ® Taurolidine and Heparin Catheter Lock Solution Limited Population* Taurolidine 40.5 mg/3 mL (13.5 mg/mL) and Heparin 3,000 USP Units/3 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) Derived from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa 3 mL For Instillation in Central Venous Catheters Not for systemic administration. Do not use as a catheter lock flush *See prescribing information for DEFENCATH for information about the limited population. Contains 10 Single-dose vials. Discard unused portion. CorMedix Inc. ® Figure3a","PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 72990- 103 -03 Rx Only DEFENCATH ® Taurolidine and Heparin Catheter Lock Solution Limited Population* Taurolidine 40.5 mg/3 mL (13.5 mg/mL) and Heparin 3,000 USP Units/3 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) Derived from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa For Instillation in Central Venous Catheters Not for systemic administration Do not use as a catheter lock flush Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) 3 mL Fill Single-Dose Vial Discard Unused Portion Figure4","PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 72990- 103 -03 Rx Only DEFENCATH ® Taurolidine and Heparin Catheter Lock Solution Limited Population* Taurolidine 40.5 mg/3 mL (13.5 mg/mL) and Heparin 3,000 USP Units/3 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) Derived from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa For Instillation in Central Venous Catheters Not for systemic administration Do not use as a catheter lock flush Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) 3 mL Fill Single-Dose Vial Discard Unused Portion Figure4","PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 72990- 105 -10 Rx Only DEFENCATH TM Taurolidine and Heparin Catheter Lock Solution Limited Population* Taurolidine 67.5 mg/5mL (13.5 mg/mL) and Heparin 5,000 USP Units/5 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) Derived from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa 5 mL For Instillation in Central Venous Catheters Not for systemic administration Do not use as a catheter lock flush *See prescribing information for Defencath for information about the limited population. Contains 10 Single-dose vials. Discard unused portion. CorMedix Inc. TM Figure3","PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 72990- 105 -05 Rx Only DEFENCATH TM Taurolidine and Heparin Catheter Lock Solution Limited Population* Taurolidine 67.5 mg/5mL (13.5 mg/mL) and Heparin 5,000 USP Units/5 mL (1,000 USP Units/mL) Derived from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa For Instillation in Central Venous Catheters Not for systemic administration Do not use as a catheter lock flush Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) 5 mL Fill Single-Dose Vial - Discard Unused Portion Figure4"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis Carcinogenicity studies in animals have not been conducted with taurolidine or heparin. Mutagenesis Taurolidine was positive in vitro in an Ames reverse mutation assay and it increased mutation frequency in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. However, taurolidine was negative in an in vivo combined micronucleus test and comet assay in rats at the highest dose tested, 600 mg/kg/day administered intravenously. No studies have been conducted with heparin to determine its mutagenic potential. Impairment of Fertility Fertility studies have not been conducted with DEFENCATH due to its negligible clinical exposure."]},"tags":[{"label":"taurolidine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"B05CA05","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Anti-Infective Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Infective Agents, Local","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"2 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DEVICE MALFUNCTION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DIALYSIS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HYPOXIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"INFUSION RELATED REACTION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PULMONARY EMBOLISM","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PULSE ABSENT","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"SEIZURE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"SEPSIS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1 reports"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Hemodialysis catheter malfunction","drugRate":"17.1%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Hemorrhage/bleeding","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Vomiting","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Musculoskeletal chest pain","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Thrombocytopenia","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""}],"seriousAdverseEvents":[{"effect":"Serious adverse reactions (overall)","drugRate":"40%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Adverse reactions leading to death","drugRate":"4.5%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation","drugRate":"17.3%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Drug Hypersensitivity","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hypocalcemia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Dysgeusia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Paresthesia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=TAUROLIDINE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:59:52.205525+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:59:59.470423+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:59:50.754632+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=TAUROLIDINE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:00:00.244585+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:59:49.867581+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:59:49.867633+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:59:49.867642+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:00:01.787354+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Cell wall disrupting agent","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:00:00.825806+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL2105420/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:00:00.723557+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"NDA214520","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:59:49.867649+00:00"}},"allNames":"taurolin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["tauroflex","taurolidine","taurolin","tauroline"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Taurolin","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Anti-coagulant [EPC]","explanation":"Imagine your body's immune system as a defense army. Taurolidine helps the army by blocking the enemy's (bacteria's) ability to build strong walls, making it easier for the army to attack and defeat them. This helps to prevent infections and promote healing.","oneSentence":"Taurolidine works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and modulating the immune response.","technicalDetail":"Taurolidine exerts its antimicrobial effects by inhibiting the enzyme transpeptidase, which is essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis, and also modulates the immune response by interacting with various immune cells and cytokines."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2568","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=TAUROLIDINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=TAUROLIDINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T15:48:35.289117","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:00:06.589128+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"cetylpyridinium","drugSlug":"cetylpyridinium","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"chlorhexidine","drugSlug":"chlorhexidine","fdaApproval":"1976-09-17","patentExpiry":"Oct 2, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"nitrofurazone","drugSlug":"nitrofurazone","fdaApproval":"1945-10-04","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"sulfamethizole","drugSlug":"sulfamethizole","fdaApproval":"1953-10-28","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"neomycin","drugSlug":"neomycin","fdaApproval":"1957-03-26","genericCount":12,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"taurolidine","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"cetylpyridinium","brandName":"cetylpyridinium","genericName":"cetylpyridinium","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"chlorhexidine","brandName":"chlorhexidine","genericName":"chlorhexidine","approvalYear":"1976","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"nitrofurazone","brandName":"nitrofurazone","genericName":"nitrofurazone","approvalYear":"1945","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"sulfamethizole","brandName":"sulfamethizole","genericName":"sulfamethizole","approvalYear":"1953","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"neomycin","brandName":"neomycin","genericName":"neomycin","approvalYear":"1957","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05781295","phase":"NA","title":"Multicentre Randomised Study Comparing a Taurolidine Lock and a Standard Saline Lock in Paediatric Oncology","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Institut Curie","startDate":"2024-01-19","conditions":["Children","Medical Device","Primary Prevention","Oncology"],"enrollment":148,"completionDate":"2028-07-23"},{"nctId":"NCT07366372","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy of Taurolidine Containing Lock Solution for Prevention of Central Venous Catheter Infection in ICU Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tanta University","startDate":"2023-05-01","conditions":["Taurolidine","Lock Solution","Prevention","Central Venous Catheter Infection","Intensive Care Unit"],"enrollment":120,"completionDate":"2024-11-01"},{"nctId":"NCT06919770","phase":"","title":"Use of a Taurolidine Containing Antimicrobial Wash to Reduce Prosthetic Device Infection After Trauma Surgery","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Kiel","startDate":"2022-01-01","conditions":["Osteosynthesis","Infection Prevention"],"enrollment":28,"completionDate":"2030-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT06822426","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparing The Safety And Efficacy Of DEFENCATH® In Reducing Central-Line Bloodstream Infections (CLABSIs) In Adults Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition Through A Central Venous Catheter (CVC)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"CorMedix","startDate":"2025-05-14","conditions":["Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSI)"],"enrollment":200,"completionDate":"2027-01"},{"nctId":"NCT07259421","phase":"","title":"Survey of Practices Regarding the Use of Taurolidine Lock Solutions in Patients With Insertion of a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) in a Vascular Access Unit","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University Hospital, Grenoble","startDate":"2025-12","conditions":["Taurolidine Lock Solution"],"enrollment":45,"completionDate":"2026-03"},{"nctId":"NCT06714864","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Open-Label Study to Assess Safety and Time to Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSI) in Subjects From Birth to < 18 Years of Age","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"CorMedix","startDate":"2025-07-08","conditions":["Catheter-Related Infections"],"enrollment":36,"completionDate":"2026-03"},{"nctId":"NCT07074821","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Antimicrobial Locks for Hemodialysis Catheter Infections","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Oman Ministry of Health","startDate":"2023-03-01","conditions":["Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection","Hemodialysis","Vascular Access"],"enrollment":100,"completionDate":"2024-07-24"},{"nctId":"NCT02651428","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study Assessing Safety & Effectiveness of a Catheter Lock Solution in Dialysis Patients to Prevent Bloodstream Infection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"CorMedix","startDate":"2015-12","conditions":["Kidney Failure, Chronic","Catheter-Related Infections"],"enrollment":806,"completionDate":"2018-10"},{"nctId":"NCT06707480","phase":"","title":"Expanded Access Program for Patients At Risk for Catheter-related Infections Who Are Not Eligible for DefenCath® Clinical Trials","status":"AVAILABLE","sponsor":"CorMedix","startDate":"","conditions":["Catheter-related Bloodstream Infection"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":""},{"nctId":"NCT06660641","phase":"NA","title":"Clinical Trial Comparing TaurolockTMHep100 (Taurolidine 1.35%) and 0.9% Saline As Prevention of Recurrent Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Rigshospitalet, Denmark","startDate":"2019-06-03","conditions":["Catheter Related Blood Stream Infections","Intestinal Failure"],"enrollment":61,"completionDate":"2022-02-28"},{"nctId":"NCT05576194","phase":"","title":"Taurolidine Containing Antimicrobial CIED Wash to Prevent Infection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Prof. Dr. Hendrik Bonnemeier","startDate":"2020-01-01","conditions":["Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection"],"enrollment":1417,"completionDate":"2022-09-01"},{"nctId":"NCT05740150","phase":"NA","title":"Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infection Prevention Using TauroLock-Hep100 in Pediatric Oncology Patients.","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology","startDate":"2020-10-27","conditions":["Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI)"],"enrollment":462,"completionDate":"2023-12-01"},{"nctId":"NCT05729321","phase":"","title":"Lock sOlutiOnS for Epicutaneo-caval Catheters in Neonates: a \"LOOSEN\" Pilot Study","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS","startDate":"2022-09-01","conditions":["Catheter-related Bloodstream Infection","Preterm","Catheter Infection","Catheter Complications"],"enrollment":7,"completionDate":"2023-09-01"},{"nctId":"NCT04093895","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy of PerioSept® as Adjunct to SRP in Subjects With Periodontitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Geistlich Pharma AG","startDate":"2019-08-26","conditions":["Periodontitis"],"enrollment":12,"completionDate":"2020-09-25"},{"nctId":"NCT01243710","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Taurolidine in Haemodialysis Catheter Related Bacteraemia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust","startDate":"2010-08","conditions":["Renal Dialysis","Catheter-Related Infections"],"enrollment":27,"completionDate":"2012-12"},{"nctId":"NCT02313883","phase":"PHASE1,PHASE2","title":"A Phase I/II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of PerioSept® as Adjunct to SRP in Subjects With Periodontitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Geistlich Pharma AG","startDate":"2015-07","conditions":["Periodontitis"],"enrollment":127,"completionDate":"2018-07-02"},{"nctId":"NCT03539718","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Taurolock Hep 500 Versus Unfractionated Heparin as Anti-inflammatory in Hemodialysis Catheters.","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Ain Shams University","startDate":"2018-05-15","conditions":["Hemodialysis Catheter Infection","Thrombosis; Dialysis Catheter"],"enrollment":60,"completionDate":"2019-02"},{"nctId":"NCT02036255","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Prevention of Dialysis Catheter Malfunction With Prophylactic Use of a Taurolidine Containing Urokinase","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel","startDate":"2015-05","conditions":["Patency","Infection"],"enrollment":68,"completionDate":"2018-05"},{"nctId":"NCT01826526","phase":"NA","title":"Clinical Trial With Catheter Locking TauroSept® (Taurolidine 2%) or Saline Solution 0,9%","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Geert Wanten","startDate":"2013-06","conditions":["Catheter Related Blood Stream Infections"],"enrollment":105,"completionDate":"2016-11"},{"nctId":"NCT02789501","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparison of a TauroLock™ Based Regimen to 4% Citrate as Lock Solution in Tunneled Haemodialysis Catheters for the Prevention of Bacteraemia and Dysfunction","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Medical University of Vienna","startDate":"2012-01","conditions":["Catheter Infections","End-stage Renal Disease"],"enrollment":106,"completionDate":""},{"nctId":"NCT02279121","phase":"NA","title":"ATAPAC Study (TauroLock Activity in Adult Cancer Patients)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Centre Hospitalier Régional Metz-Thionville","startDate":"2014-11","conditions":["Catheter-Related Infections"],"enrollment":162,"completionDate":"2016-03"},{"nctId":"NCT02868697","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Management of Tunneled Catheter Thrombosis in Hemodialysis Patients: Prospective Study From Qatar","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hamad Medical Corporation","startDate":"2013-11","conditions":["Hemodialysis, Tunneled Catheter, Qatar"],"enrollment":170,"completionDate":"2015-12"},{"nctId":"NCT01948245","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Clinical Trial Comparing Catheter Lock Solutions TaurolockTMHep 100 and Heparin 100 IE/ml.","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Palle Bekker Jeppesen","startDate":"2013-10","conditions":["Catheter-related Bloodstream Infection (CRBSI) Nos"],"enrollment":42,"completionDate":"2016-12"},{"nctId":"NCT02515201","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Heparin Versus Taurolidine to Bloodstream Infection Prevention Related in Central Venous Catheter in Children","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre","startDate":"2014-09","conditions":["Catheter-Related Infections"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2016-12"},{"nctId":"NCT02009189","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Taurolidine Lock in Long Term Parenteral Nutrition","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital","startDate":"2012-11","conditions":["Home Parenteral Nutrition","Central Venous Catheter"],"enrollment":30,"completionDate":"2013-12"},{"nctId":"NCT00022360","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Taurolidine in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Progressive Glioma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","startDate":"2001-05","conditions":["Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2001-10"},{"nctId":"NCT00021034","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Taurolidine in Treating Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","startDate":"2001-03","conditions":["Fallopian Tube Cancer","Ovarian Cancer","Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2001-08"},{"nctId":"NCT00545831","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Taurolidin on Prevention of Bloodstream Infection","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Rouen","startDate":"2007-10","conditions":["Sepsis"],"enrollment":39,"completionDate":"2011-12"},{"nctId":"NCT00735813","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Taurolidine Lock Solution in the Prevention of Catheter Related Bacteremia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Aarhus University Hospital","startDate":"2008-04","conditions":["Bacteremia","Neoplasms"],"enrollment":129,"completionDate":"2012-09"},{"nctId":"NCT00321165","phase":"PHASE3","title":"The AOT (Acridine Orange and Taurolidine) Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Radboud University Medical Center","startDate":"2006-06","conditions":["Parenteral Nutrition","Infection","Sepsis"],"enrollment":60,"completionDate":"2008-03"},{"nctId":"NCT00749619","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Addition of Heparin to Taurolock-TM CLS in HD Patients With TCC Dose it Improve Catheter Patency Problems ?","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Western Galilee Hospital-Nahariya","startDate":"2007-05","conditions":["End Stage Renal Disease","Hemodialysis"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2008-08"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{"route":"Intraluminal"},"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"006823","UNII":"8OBZ1M4V3V","CHEBI":"CHEBI:135173","INN_ID":"2885","UMLSCUI":"C0144567","chemblId":"CHEMBL2105420","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL2105420","KEGG_DRUG":"D07146","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB12473","PUBCHEM_CID":"29566","SNOMEDCT_US":"281000220103","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C012566"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":364,"therapeuticAreas":["Immunology"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"B05CA05","allCodes":["B05CA05"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"approved","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"2023","aiSummary":"","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":"2024-12-19T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"CORMEDIX","brand_name_local":null,"application_number":"NDA214520"},{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health Canada","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"IL","regulator":"MOH","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"SG","regulator":"HSA","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"AE","regulator":"MOH","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"KR","regulator":"MFDS","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"AU","regulator":"TGA","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"GB","regulator":"MHRA","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:00:06.589128+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":3}}