{"id":"tapentadol-prolonged-release","brandName":"Tapentadol Prolonged Release","genericName":"Tapentadol Prolonged Release","companyId":"gr-nenthal-gmbh","companyName":"Grünenthal GmbH","phase":"marketed","status":"active","modality":"Small molecule","aliases":["- Nucynta","- Palexia","Nucynta","Palexia","Nucynta®"],"developmentCodes":[],"firstApprovalDate":null,"firstApprovalCountry":null,"aiSummary":"Tapentadol Prolonged Release is a small molecule used to treat various conditions, including chronic pain, osteoarthritis, and tumor-related pain. It is available in an extended-release formulation and has been compared to morphine sulfate controlled release and placebo in clinical trials.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Tapentadol binds to mu-opioid receptors to produce opioid-mediated pain relief while simultaneously inhibiting the reuptake of noradrenaline, enhancing descending pain inhibitory pathways. The prolonged-release formulation provides sustained analgesia over 24 hours, allowing for twice-daily dosing. This dual mechanism may offer improved tolerability compared to pure mu-opioid agonists.","oneSentence":"Tapentadol is a mu-opioid receptor agonist and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that provides analgesia through dual mechanisms.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"administration":{},"safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"15-25","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Somnolence"},{"rate":"15-25","effect":"Constipation"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Vomiting"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Headache"}]},"trials":[],"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Moderate to severe chronic pain in adults requiring opioid therapy"}]},"commercial":null,"patents":[],"timeline":[],"rwe":[],"competitors":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"labelChanges":[],"nice":null,"revenue":null,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":false,"score":3}}