{"id":"sulpiride","rwe":[{"pmid":"41905448","year":"2026","title":"Dopamine-induced vasoconstriction is attenuated by endothelial nitric oxide in isolated rat aorta.","finding":"","journal":"European journal of pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41885913","year":"2026","title":"Targeting dopamine D2 receptors to alter fear extinction in adolescent rats.","finding":"","journal":"Behavioral neuroscience","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41835050","year":"2025","title":"Pharmaco-EEG-Based Classification of Psychotropic Activity of a Novel Chromone-Containing Allylmorpholine in Rats.","finding":"","journal":"Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41816712","year":"2026","title":"Involvement of D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors in the hippocampal CA1 region in mediating the restraint stress-induced analgesia in the rats.","finding":"","journal":"IBRO neuroscience reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41745854","year":"2026","title":"Exploring Sulpiride as an Alternative to Testosterone Propionate for Inducing Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rodent Models.","finding":"","journal":"Toxics","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"High Risk QT Prolonging Agents","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Carbonic anhydrase 6","category":"target"},{"label":"CA6","category":"gene"},{"label":"CA7","category":"gene"},{"label":"CA12","category":"gene"},{"label":"N05AL01","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Schizophrenia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Antidepressive Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antipsychotic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Depressants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Psychotropic Drugs","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Tranquilizing Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"discontinued","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":138.791,"date":"","count":86,"signal":"Electrocardiogram QT prolonged","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 86 times (LLR=139)"},{"llr":124.093,"date":"","count":47,"signal":"Parkinsonism","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 47 times (LLR=124)"},{"llr":113.116,"date":"","count":45,"signal":"Torsade de pointes","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 45 times (LLR=113)"},{"llr":105.95,"date":"","count":72,"signal":"Suicide attempt","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 72 times (LLR=106)"},{"llr":105.305,"date":"","count":46,"signal":"Extrapyramidal disorder","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 46 times (LLR=105)"},{"llr":71.567,"date":"","count":135,"signal":"Fall","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 135 times (LLR=72)"},{"llr":65.571,"date":"","count":23,"signal":"Psychomotor retardation","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 23 times (LLR=66)"},{"llr":58.921,"date":"","count":32,"signal":"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 32 times (LLR=59)"},{"llr":58.481,"date":"","count":20,"signal":"Cerebellar syndrome","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 20 times (LLR=58)"},{"llr":58.239,"date":"","count":38,"signal":"Serotonin syndrome","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 38 times (LLR=58)"},{"llr":56.844,"date":"","count":52,"signal":"Rhabdomyolysis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 52 times (LLR=57)"},{"llr":55.698,"date":"","count":61,"signal":"Hypokalaemia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 61 times (LLR=56)"},{"llr":51.5,"date":"","count":31,"signal":"Ventricular fibrillation","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 31 times (LLR=52)"},{"llr":50.397,"date":"","count":35,"signal":"Hypomagnesaemia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 35 times (LLR=50)"},{"llr":49.931,"date":"","count":35,"signal":"Product prescribing error","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 35 times (LLR=50)"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/high-risk-qt-prolonging-agents","drug":"High Risk QT Prolonging Agents","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of other Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"high-risk-qt-prolonging-agents"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Electrocardiogram QT prolonged","drugRate":"LLR 139","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Parkinsonism","drugRate":"LLR 124","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Torsade de pointes","drugRate":"LLR 113","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Suicide attempt","drugRate":"LLR 106","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Extrapyramidal disorder","drugRate":"LLR 105","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Fall","drugRate":"LLR 72","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Psychomotor retardation","drugRate":"LLR 66","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome","drugRate":"LLR 59","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Cerebellar syndrome","drugRate":"LLR 58","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Serotonin syndrome","drugRate":"LLR 58","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Rhabdomyolysis","drugRate":"LLR 57","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Hypokalaemia","drugRate":"LLR 56","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Ventricular fibrillation","drugRate":"LLR 52","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Hypomagnesaemia","drugRate":"LLR 50","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Product prescribing error","drugRate":"LLR 50","severity":"common"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"sulpirid","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["sulpiride","sulpirid","sulpitil","sulpyrid","sursumid"],"timeline":[{"date":"1972-01-01","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"YEAR INTRODUCED approval"}],"approvals":[{"date":"1972-01-01","orphan":false,"company":"","regulator":"YEAR INTRODUCED"}],"brandName":"Sulpirid","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Schizophrenia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"aripiprazole","slug":"aripiprazole","company":"Otsuka"},{"name":"aripiprazole lauroxil","slug":"aripiprazole-lauroxil","company":"Alkermes"},{"name":"asenapine","slug":"asenapine","company":"Forest Labs Inc"},{"name":"brexpiprazole","slug":"brexpiprazole","company":"Otsuka Pharm Co Ltd"}],"globalPrevalence":24000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Carbonic anhydrase 6","targets":[{"gene":"CA6","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 6","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 6"},{"gene":"CA7","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 7","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 7"},{"gene":"CA12","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 12","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 12"},{"gene":"DRD2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(2) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(2) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"DRD3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(3) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(3) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"CA5B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial"},{"gene":"CA9","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 9","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 9"},{"gene":"CA2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 2","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 2"},{"gene":"CA5A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial"},{"gene":"ADRA2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"High Risk QT Prolonging Agents","explanation":"Think of the brain as a delicate balance of acid and base. Carbonic anhydrase 6 helps regulate this balance by controlling the amount of acid and base in the brain. Sulpiride blocks this enzyme, which can help reduce symptoms of schizophrenia by changing the way the brain communicates.","oneSentence":"Sulpiride works by blocking the action of carbonic anhydrase 6, an enzyme that helps regulate the balance of acid and base in the brain.","technicalDetail":"Sulpiride acts as a selective antagonist of carbonic anhydrase 6, inhibiting the enzyme's activity and leading to a decrease in the production of hydrogen ions in the brain, which is thought to contribute to its therapeutic effects in schizophrenia."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2537","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=SULPIRIDE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=SULPIRIDE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T15:45:32.086527","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"amisulpride","drugSlug":"amisulpride","fdaApproval":"2020-02-26","patentExpiry":"Mar 10, 2031","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"sulpiride","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Schizophrenia","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":58214004,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":2800000,"globalPrevalence":24000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"WHO, 2022"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"amisulpride","brandName":"amisulpride","genericName":"amisulpride","approvalYear":"2020","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05711082","phase":"NA","title":"REALITY MONITORING","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hôpital le Vinatier","startDate":"2024-01-15","conditions":["Neurosciences"],"enrollment":39,"completionDate":"2026-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT05208294","phase":"NA","title":"The Role of Dopamine, Reward Learning and Prefrontal Activity in Expectation-induced Mood Enhancement","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Philipps University Marburg","startDate":"2021-12-09","conditions":["Placebo Effect on Mood Improvement"],"enrollment":297,"completionDate":"2023-09-22"},{"nctId":"NCT05884671","phase":"NA","title":"Dopamine and Cognition","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging","startDate":"2021-09-23","conditions":["Sulpiride's Effect 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Hospital","startDate":"2020-03-01","conditions":["Bowel Preparation"],"enrollment":200,"completionDate":"2022-03-01"},{"nctId":"NCT03459417","phase":"NA","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Intrathecally Administered Magnesium Sulfate","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"South Egypt Cancer Institute","startDate":"2018-01-01","conditions":["Abdominal Cancer","Abdominal Pain"],"enrollment":90,"completionDate":"2019-06-01"},{"nctId":"NCT02749747","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Sulpiride Versus Placebo for Reducting Hot Flushes During Climacteric","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre","startDate":"2014-06","conditions":["Menopausal Syndrome","Hot Flashes"],"enrollment":28,"completionDate":"2017-12"},{"nctId":"NCT02307396","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Evaluation of the Necessity of Long-term Pharmacological Treatment With Antipsychotics in Schizophrenic Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Technical University of Munich","startDate":"2015-02-01","conditions":["Schizophrenia","Schizophrenia and Disorders With Psychotic Features","Schizoaffective Disorders"],"enrollment":21,"completionDate":"2016-06-22"},{"nctId":"NCT02374567","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric Patients","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Hannover Medical School","startDate":"2015-01","conditions":["Dementia","Depression","Schizophrenia","Psychosomatic Disorders","Anxiety Disorders"],"enrollment":407,"completionDate":"2017-06-28"},{"nctId":"NCT02423096","phase":"","title":"Neuroendocrine and Metabolite Substrates in Schizophrenia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","startDate":"2013-12","conditions":["Schizophrenia"],"enrollment":200,"completionDate":"2016-12"},{"nctId":"NCT01615185","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Randomized, Double-blind, Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Amisulpride Versus Low-dose Amisulpride Plus Low-dose Sulpiride in the Treatment of Schizophrenia","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Kaohsiung Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital","startDate":"2008-01","conditions":["Schizophrenia"],"enrollment":96,"completionDate":"2011-12"},{"nctId":"NCT00272467","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Healing Effects of Rebamipide and Omeprazole in Helicobacter Pylori-positive Gastric Ulcer After Eradication Therapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Korea Otsuka International Asia Arab","startDate":"2005-07","conditions":["Stomach Ulcer"],"enrollment":132,"completionDate":"2008-04"},{"nctId":"NCT01765829","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Treatment vs Discontinuation in a First Episode of Non-affective Psychosis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud","startDate":"2012-11","conditions":["Psychosis Nos/Other"],"enrollment":104,"completionDate":"2015-11"},{"nctId":"NCT01896349","phase":"NA","title":"Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Treatment Resistant Depression","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre","startDate":"2013-04","conditions":["Treatment Resistant Depression"],"enrollment":74,"completionDate":"2014-11"},{"nctId":"NCT01777685","phase":"NA","title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Compartmental Analysis of Sulpiride After Oral Administration to Healthy Volunteers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Damanhour University","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":["Healthy"],"enrollment":16,"completionDate":"2013-01"},{"nctId":"NCT00280501","phase":"NA","title":"Dopaminergic Modulation of Choroidal Blood Flow Changes During Dark/Light Transitions","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Medical University of Vienna","startDate":"2005-08","conditions":["Regional Blood Flow","Ocular Physiology"],"enrollment":21,"completionDate":"2006-08"},{"nctId":"NCT00654576","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Combination With Psychosocial Intervention on Outcome of Patients With Schizophrenia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Central South University","startDate":"2005-02","conditions":["Schizophrenia"],"enrollment":1400,"completionDate":"2007-12"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000166882","NDDF":"003764","UNII":"7MNE9M8287","CHEBI":"CHEBI:32168","INN_ID":"2359","RXNORM":"10239","UMLSCUI":"C0038803","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL26","KEGG_DRUG":"D01226","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB00391","PUBCHEM_CID":"5355","SNOMEDCT_US":"321506004","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"5501","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D013469"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"DrugCentral","halfLife":"6.5 hours","clearance":"1.9 mL/min/kg","bioavailability":"27%","fractionUnbound":"1.0%","volumeOfDistribution":"0.94 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It targets carbonic anhydrase 6, a key enzyme involved in the regulation of acid-base balance in the brain. Sulpiride is not FDA-approved, but it is used to treat schizophrenia in some countries. Its commercial status is unknown, and it has a half-life of 6.5 hours with 27% bioavailability. Key safety considerations include its potential to prolong the QT interval.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"OTHER","regulator":"YEAR INTRODUCED","status":"approved","approval_date":"1972-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"","brand_name_local":null,"application_number":""}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}