{"id":"sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-folic-acid","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Rash"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bone marrow suppression"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hepatotoxicity"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbance"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine are antifolate agents that sequentially inhibit enzymes critical for parasitic nucleotide synthesis, preventing DNA replication in Plasmodium species and Toxoplasma gondii. Folic acid is co-formulated to mitigate bone marrow suppression and other toxicities in the host by providing an alternative folate source that bypasses the blocked enzymatic pathway in human cells.","oneSentence":"Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase in parasites, blocking folate synthesis, while folic acid supplementation protects human cells from toxicity.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:10:08.864Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Malaria prophylaxis and treatment (Plasmodium falciparum)"},{"name":"Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis and treatment in immunocompromised patients"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03083847","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Dose Escalation PfSPZ-CVac","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2017-06-05","conditions":"Malaria","enrollment":55},{"nctId":"NCT03079388","phase":"NA","title":"Nutritional and Anti-infective Interventions for Malnutrition in Pregnancy (Beleuman Welbodi)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Washington University School of Medicine","startDate":"2017-02-27","conditions":"Pregnancy, Malnutrition in Pregnancy, Nutrition Disorders","enrollment":1489},{"nctId":"NCT02511054","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge With Pyrimethamine Chemoprophylaxis (PfSPZ-CVac Approach): Phase 1 Trial to Determine Safety and Protective Efficacy of Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge With Concurrent Pyrimethamine Treatment That Inhibits Development of Asexual B...","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2015-07-21","conditions":"Malaria","enrollment":57},{"nctId":"NCT00120822","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Folic Acid Supplementation in Gambian Primigravidae","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","startDate":"2002-07","conditions":"Malaria","enrollment":1000},{"nctId":"NCT00130065","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effect of Folic Acid on Efficacy of Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Pregnant Women in Western Kenya","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","startDate":"2003-11","conditions":"Malaria","enrollment":600},{"nctId":"NCT00680732","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Prevention of Intrauterine Growth Retardation in Burkina Faso: the Malaria Component","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium","startDate":"2003-06","conditions":"Malaria, Malaria in Pregnancy","enrollment":1370}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":31,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine/folic acid","genericName":"Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine/folic acid","companyName":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","companyId":"centers-for-disease-control-and-prevention","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase in parasites, blocking folate synthesis, while folic acid supplementation protects human cells from toxicity. Used for Malaria prophylaxis and treatment (Plasmodium falciparum), Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis and treatment in immunocompromised patients.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}