{"id":"sodium-citrate","rwe":[{"pmid":"41891536","year":"2026","title":"Investigation of interactions between LDPE containers and ingredients of oil-based ophtalmic formulations.","finding":"","journal":"Polimery w medycynie","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41887450","year":"2026","title":"THE ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCES SHORT-TERM TELOMERE INSTABILITY IN EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-TRANSFORMED HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID CELLS.","finding":"","journal":"Experimental cell research","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41870881","year":"2026","title":"Evaluation of Amikacin Mediated Platelet Aggregate Dissociation in Multi-Anticoagulant-Dependent Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP).","finding":"","journal":"Archiv der Pharmazie","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41867601","year":"2026","title":"Flexible Gold-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Saxitoxin in Water Samples.","finding":"","journal":"ACS omega","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41852598","year":"2026","title":"Precursor-dependent optical and structural properties of eleven NIR-emissive graphene quantum dots for bioimaging applications.","finding":"","journal":"2d materials","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"73126eb8-5fba-4a43-b84a-057382d4f0f4","set_id":"0130d7c8-d067-4528-beb7-166559c33be9","openfda":{"unii":["2968PHW8QP","LX22YL083G","1Q73Q2JULR"],"route":["INTRAVENOUS"],"spl_id":["73126eb8-5fba-4a43-b84a-057382d4f0f4"],"brand_name":["Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose (ACD-A)"],"spl_set_id":["0130d7c8-d067-4528-beb7-166559c33be9"],"package_ndc":["14537-820-00","14537-820-01","14537-820-03"],"product_ndc":["14537-820"],"generic_name":["DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE, SODIUM CITRATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM, AND CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE","DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE","SODIUM CITRATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM"],"manufacturer_name":["Terumo BCT, Ltd"],"application_number":["BA110057"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"2","description":["11 DESCRIPTION ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is designed to be added to blood products collected for extracorporeal processing, to prevent platelet activation and coagulation as blood moves throughout the extracorporeal processing set. The content of the solution bag is considered sterile. This product has a sterile fluid path only. The clear overwrap is not considered a sterile barrier. The solution is non-pyrogenic, and it contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents. The formulas of the active ingredients are provided in Table 1. Table 1: Active Ingredients Ingredients Molecular Formula Molecular Weight (%w/v) Citric Acid, Monohydrate C 6 H 8 O 7 192.12 Dextrose Monohydrate C 6 H 12 O 6 ∙ H 2 O 198.17 Sodium Citrate Dihydrate C 6 H 9 Na 3 O 9 294.10 Water for Injection H 2 O 18.00 Each 100 mL of ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A contains: (%w/v) Citric Acid, Monohydrate 0.8 g; Dextrose Monohydrate 2.45 g; Sodium Citrate Dihydrate 2.2 g; and Water for Injection. The solution bag is not made with natural rubber latex or PVC. The solution bag is made from a polyolefin film. It contains materials that have been tested to demonstrate the suitability of the solution bag for storing pharmaceutical solutions. The solution contact layer is a polyolefin. The solution bag is nontoxic and biologically inert. The solution bag is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration. The solution bag is covered with a clear overwrap to provide protection from the physical environment. The content of the solution bag is considered sterile. This product has a sterile fluid path only. The clear overwrap is not considered a sterile barrier."],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is a clear sterile solution supplied in non-pyrogenic polyolefin solution bags. Each solution bag is individually wrapped in a clear overwrap. Each clear overwrap is then individually foil wrapped. Neither the clear overwrap nor the foil overwrap can be considered a sterile barrier. This product has a sterile fluid pathway only. SIZE CATALOG NUMBER NDC NUMBER 50 mL 40820 Case: 14537-820-03 Foil: 14537-820-01 Bag: 14537-820-00 STORAGE Store up to 25 °C. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. Protect from direct sunlight."],"effective_time":"20250121","adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Citrate reactions or toxicity may occur with the injection of blood products containing citrate anticoagulant. The recipient of the blood product containing citrate should be monitored for the signs and symptoms of citrate toxicity. The signs and symptoms of citrate toxicity begin with paresthesia, a \"tingling\" sensation around the mouth or in the extremities, followed by severe reactions that are characterized by hypotension and possible cardiac arrhythmia. Citrate toxicity may occur more frequently in patients who are hypothermic, have impaired liver or renal function, or have low calcium levels because of an underlying disease. Citrate reactions or toxicity may occur with the injection of blood products containing citrate anticoagulant. The recipient of the blood product containing citrate should be monitored for the signs and symptoms of citrate toxicity. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Terumo BCT, Inc. at 1-877-339-4228 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch ."],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS NOT FOR PREPARATION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS FOR TRANSFUSION OR FOR DIRECT INTRAVENOUS INFUSION. NOT FOR PREPARATION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS FOR TRANSFUSION OR FOR DIRECT INTRAVENOUS INFUSION. ( 4 )"],"description_table":["
Table 1: Active Ingredients
IngredientsMolecular Formula Molecular Weight
(%w/v) Citric Acid, MonohydrateC6H8O7192.12
Dextrose MonohydrateC6H12O6 ∙ H2O198.17
Sodium Citrate DihydrateC6H9Na3O9294.10
Water for InjectionH2O18.00
"],"how_supplied_table":["
SIZECATALOG NUMBERNDC NUMBER
50 mL40820Case:14537-820-03
Foil:14537-820-01
Bag:14537-820-00
"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A acts as an extracorporeal anticoagulant by binding the free calcium in the blood. Calcium is a necessary co-factor to several steps in the clotting cascade. The following ingredients are key components of the solution: Citric acid for pH regulation Sodium Citrate for anticoagulation Dextrose for isotonicity This solution has no pharmacological effect."],"storage_and_handling":["STORAGE Store up to 25 °C. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. Protect from direct sunlight."],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A acts as an extracorporeal anticoagulant by binding the free calcium in the blood. Calcium is a necessary co-factor to several steps in the clotting cascade. The following ingredients are key components of the solution: Citric acid for pH regulation Sodium Citrate for anticoagulation Dextrose for isotonicity This solution has no pharmacological effect."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is an anticoagulant intended for use only with devices that prepare Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) products for extracorporeal use. [See Dosage and Administration (2) .] ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is an anticoagulant intended for use only with devices that prepare Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) products for extracorporeal use. See the device operator's manual for additional information and complete usage instructions. ( 1 )"],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Do not use the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A unless the solution is clear and the container is intact and undamaged. Do not transfer the solution bag directly into the sterile field. Do not reuse. Discard unused or partially used solution bags. Discard the product if the Needleless Access Valve (NAV) does not function as intended. Aseptically prepare the NAV before use. Do not use the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A unless the solution is clear and the container is intact and undamaged. Use aseptic technique throughout all procedures to ensure donor safety and quality. ( 5 )"],"spl_unclassified_section":["Issued: June 2024 Manufactured by Terumo BCT, Inc. Lakewood, CO 80215 Made in UK"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is added to blood products collected for extracorporeal processing. ( 2 ) ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A may only be used with devices that prepare Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) products for extracorporeal use. For instructions on the use of the solution see the device operator's manual. ( 2.1 ) Follow the directions for drawing ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A into a syringe for further processing of the collected blood product. ( 2.2 ) 2.1 General Dosing Information ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is added to blood products collected for extracorporeal processing. The solution is manually added to collected blood products to facilitate extracorporeal processing. The amount of solution added is specified by the manufacturer of the processing set. It is not intended for direct intravenous infusion. For instructions on the use of the solution with the processing set, see the device operator's manual. 2.2 Administration Ensure solution is the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A and is within the expiration date. Inspect the solution bag. Do not use if the solution bag is damaged, leaking or if there is any visible sign of deterioration. Use only if solution is clear and free of particulate matter. Protect from sharp objects. Directions for drawing the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A from the solution bag. When directed by the processing set instructions and device operator's manual: Open the foil pouch containing the solution by finding the notch in the foil overwrap and pulling down to present the clear overwrapped solution bag. Open the clear overwrap material by holding the peelable tabs between your thumb and forefinger. Gently pull the peelable tabs along the top to open the overwrap at both corners. Once both corners are opened, gently peel along the length of the overwrap. Do not place the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A solution bag into the sterile field. The clear overwrap is not considered a sterile barrier. Before use, perform the following checks [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ] : Check for leaks by gently squeezing the bag. If leaks are found, discard the solution bag. Ensure that the solution is the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A and is within the expiration date. Inspect the solution in adequate light. Solution showing cloudiness, haze, or particulate matter should not be used. Aseptically prepare the Needleless Access Valve (NAV). Using an appropriate syringe and luer, connect to the NAV. Draw into the syringe the amount of ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A required by the processing set instructions and device operator's manual. Remove the syringe from the NAV and proceed according to the processing set instructions and device operator's manual. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and solution bag permit."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose (ACD-A) Dextrose Monohydrate, sodium citrate, unspecified form, and Citric Acid Monohydrate Dextrose Monohydrate Anhydrous Dextrose Sodium Citrate, Unspecified Form Sodium Cation Citric Acid Monohydrate Anhydrous Citric Acid Water"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 50 mL ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is a sterile solution in a polyolefin solution bag. Each 100 mL contains: (%w/v) Citric Acid, Monohydrate 0.8 g; Dextrose Monohydrate 2.45 g; Sodium Citrate Dihydrate 2.2 g; and Water for Injection. 50 mL sterile fluid in a polyolefin solution bag. ( 3 )"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A has not been studied in controlled clinical trials with specific populations. ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A has not been studied in controlled clinical trials with specific populations."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 50 mL Bag Pouch Case Label TERUMO Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose Solution USP (ACD) Solution A Polyolefin Bag Catalog # 40820 50 mL NDC 14537-820-00 LPN - 1000066504 Indications for use: Anticoagulant intended for use only with devices that prepare Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) products for extracorporeal use. See Operator's Manuals for additional information and complete usage instructions. Caution : Only the solution bag fluid path is sterile and non-pyrogenic. Do not use unless the solution is clear and the container is intact and undamaged. Do not transfer solution bag directly into the sterile field. Sterilized with Steam. Rx only. Single use container. Not for preparation of blood products for transfusion or for direct intravenous infusion. Storage Conditions: Up to 25°C. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. Protect from direct sunlight. Each 10mL contains: Citric Acid Monohydrate USP 0.08 g Sodium Citrate Dihydrate USP 0.220 g Dextrose Monohydrate USP 0.245 g In Water for Injection USP STERILE Manufactured by TERUMO BCT, INC. 10811 West Collins Ave., Lakewood, Colorado 80215-4440, USA Made in UK Lot Expiry Date PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 50 mL Bag Pouch Case Label"]},"tags":[{"label":"sodium citrate","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Carbonic anhydrase 4","category":"target"},{"label":"CA4","category":"gene"},{"label":"B05CB02","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Common cold","category":"indication"},{"label":"Cough","category":"indication"},{"label":"Gastric Hypersecretory Conditions","category":"indication"},{"label":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease","category":"indication"},{"label":"Heartburn","category":"indication"},{"label":"Hiatal Hernia with Reflux Esophagitis","category":"indication"},{"label":"B Braun","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1980s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Anticoagulants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Buffers","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Food Additives","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Food Preservatives","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Hematologic Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"VOMITING","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"261 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"OFF LABEL USE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"255 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"NAUSEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"251 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HYPONATRAEMIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"235 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"SEPSIS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"227 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"GENERAL PHYSICAL HEALTH DETERIORATION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"226 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"ABDOMINAL PAIN","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"224 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"ABDOMINAL DISTENSION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"223 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"CONSTIPATION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"215 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"ASCITES","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"214 reports"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Paraesthesia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Feeling hot","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Pallor","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Hyperhidrosis","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Thirst","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Dysgeusia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Vision blurred","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Asthenia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Dyspepsia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Restlessness","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Chills","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Injection site haematoma","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Toxic anterior segment syndrome","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3}],"contraindications":["Acidosis","Acute hepatitis","Acute nephropathy","Acute pancreatitis","Adrenal cortical hypofunction","Angle-closure glaucoma","Anuria","Arterial thrombosis","Arteriosclerotic vascular disease","Azotemia","Benign prostatic hyperplasia","Bladder outflow obstruction","Bradycardia","Chronic heart failure","Chronic idiopathic constipation","Dehydration","Disorder of coronary artery","Esophageal Compression","Esophageal dysmotility","Familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis","Gastrointestinal hemorrhage","Gastrointestinal obstruction","Gastroparesis","Genitourinary Tract Infections","Hyperkalemia"]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"B Braun","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=SODIUM CITRATE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:25.857848+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:32.650972+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:24.479933+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=SODIUM CITRATE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:33.513034+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:23.554696+00:00"},"indications.approved":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:57.565638+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:23.554708+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:35.578770+00:00"},"mechanism.oneSentence":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"12.1 Mechanism of Action ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A acts as an extracorporeal anticoagulant by binding the free calcium in the blood. Calcium is a necessary co-factor to several steps in the clotting cascade. The following ingredients are key components of the solution: Citric acid for pH regulation Sodium Citrate for anticoagulation Dextrose for isotonicity This solution has no pharmacological effect.","confidence":0.95,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:48.780524+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1355/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:34.473976+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"BA110057","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:23.554712+00:00"}},"allNames":"bss","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["sodium citrate","trisodium citrate"],"timeline":[{"date":"1980-10-03","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (B Braun)"}],"approvals":[{"date":"1980-10-03","orphan":false,"company":"B BRAUN","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Bss","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Common cold","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylsalicylic acid","slug":"acetylsalicylic-acid","company":"Endo Pharms"},{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"ammonium chloride","slug":"ammonium-chloride","company":"B Braun"},{"name":"azatadine","slug":"azatadine","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Cough","otherDrugs":[{"name":"ammonium chloride","slug":"ammonium-chloride","company":"B Braun"},{"name":"benzocaine","slug":"benzocaine","company":""},{"name":"benzonatate","slug":"benzonatate","company":"Pfizer"},{"name":"bromazine","slug":"bromazine","company":"Forest Labs"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Gastric Hypersecretory Conditions","otherDrugs":[{"name":"algeldrate","slug":"algeldrate","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"almasilate","slug":"almasilate","company":""},{"name":"lansoprazole","slug":"lansoprazole","company":"Takeda Pharms Usa"},{"name":"magnesium carbonate","slug":"magnesium-carbonate","company":"United Guardian"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease","otherDrugs":[{"name":"algeldrate","slug":"algeldrate","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"almasilate","slug":"almasilate","company":""},{"name":"cimetidine","slug":"cimetidine","company":""},{"name":"cisapride","slug":"cisapride","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Heartburn","otherDrugs":[{"name":"algeldrate","slug":"algeldrate","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"almasilate","slug":"almasilate","company":""},{"name":"cimetidine","slug":"cimetidine","company":""},{"name":"famotidine","slug":"famotidine","company":"Valeant Pharms North"}],"globalPrevalence":320000000},{"indication":"Hiatal Hernia with Reflux Esophagitis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"almasilate","slug":"almasilate","company":""},{"name":"magnesium carbonate","slug":"magnesium-carbonate","company":"United Guardian"},{"name":"magnesium hydroxide","slug":"magnesium-hydroxide","company":"Mcneil Cons"},{"name":"magnesium silicate","slug":"magnesium-silicate","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Indigestion","otherDrugs":[{"name":"algeldrate","slug":"algeldrate","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"almasilate","slug":"almasilate","company":""},{"name":"bismuth subsalicylate","slug":"bismuth-subsalicylate","company":"Prometheus Labs"},{"name":"calcium carbonate","slug":"calcium-carbonate","company":"Mcneil Cons"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Nasal congestion","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acrivastine","slug":"acrivastine","company":"Auxilium Pharms Inc"},{"name":"alimemazine","slug":"alimemazine","company":"Allergan Herbert"},{"name":"ammonium chloride","slug":"ammonium-chloride","company":"B Braun"},{"name":"antazoline","slug":"antazoline","company":"Novartis"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Calcium","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"CA4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 4","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 4"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"sodium citrate","explanation":"ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A works by binding free calcium in the blood, which is essential for several steps in the clotting process. By sequestering calcium, it prevents the formation of clots. The solution contains citric acid for pH regulation, sodium citrate for anticoagulation, and dextrose to maintain isotonicity.","oneSentence":"ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A prevents blood clotting by binding free calcium, a crucial co-factor in the clotting cascade.","technicalDetail":"The solution acts as an extracorporeal anticoagulant by binding free calcium ions, which are necessary cofactors in the clotting cascade. Sodium citrate is the primary anticoagulant component, while citric acid regulates pH and dextrose ensures isotonicity."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1980","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1980-10-03, B BRAUN)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/4477","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=SODIUM%20CITRATE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=SODIUM CITRATE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T15:38:49.183556","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":2,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:12:57.830979+00:00","fieldsConflicting":15,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"sodium chloride","drugSlug":"sodium-chloride","fdaApproval":"1965-12-16","genericCount":11,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"magnesium citrate","drugSlug":"magnesium-citrate","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"sodium bicarbonate","drugSlug":"sodium-bicarbonate","fdaApproval":"1981-10-28","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"sodium citrate","indications":{"approved":[{"id":"sodium-citrate-platelet-rich-plasma-(prp)-pre","name":"Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) preparation","dosing":null,"approvals":[],"diseaseId":"","eligibility":"Not specified","pivotalTrial":null,"restrictions":[],"patientPopulation":"Not specified","diagnosticRequired":null,"brandNameForIndication":"Bss"}],"offLabel":[{"name":"Calcium Oxalate Renal Calculi","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"SODIUM CITRATE"},{"name":"Calcium renal 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