{"id":"sevoflurane-preconditioning","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Postoperative nausea and vomiting"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hepatotoxicity (rare)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Malignant hyperthermia (rare, genetic predisposition)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1200694","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"200.05"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Sevoflurane preconditioning involves brief exposure to the volatile anesthetic before a prolonged ischemic event, which primes cells to tolerate subsequent ischemia-reperfusion stress. This mechanism activates endogenous cardioprotective pathways including mitochondrial KATP channel opening, reactive oxygen species signaling, and inhibition of apoptosis. The effect reduces myocardial infarction size and improves functional recovery in cardiac and other tissues.","oneSentence":"Sevoflurane, when used as a preconditioning agent, activates cellular protective pathways that reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury by triggering mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels and anti-apoptotic signaling.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:07:40.167Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Cardioprotection during cardiac surgery and ischemia-reperfusion injury prevention"},{"name":"Perioperative myocardial protection in high-risk surgical patients"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03230136","phase":"NA","title":"Protection During Cardiac Surgery.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospices Civils de Lyon","startDate":"2018-01-03","conditions":"Thoracic Surgery, Cardiopulmonary Bypass","enrollment":210},{"nctId":"NCT00364637","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Volatile Anesthetics in Cardiac Protection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele","startDate":"2005-01","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03379103","phase":"NA","title":"Bleeding in Knee Arthroplasty After Preconditioning With Sevoflurane","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo General Hospital","startDate":"2018-02-02","conditions":"Blood Loss, Surgical, Blood Transfusion","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT04287842","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Impact if Desflurane Preconditioning on the Content of the Phospho-GSK-3b in the Rat's Neurons in the Model of I/R","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute","startDate":"2015-05","conditions":"Heart Arrest","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02932722","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Propofol on Cardioprotective Role of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIPC)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Seoul National University Hospital","startDate":"2017-02-22","conditions":"Myocardial Infarction","enrollment":51},{"nctId":"NCT03097692","phase":"NA","title":"Does Preconditioning Affects Other Organs in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery ?","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2016-05","conditions":"Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, Serum Createnine, Mechanical Ventilation","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT02877238","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Remote Preconditioning and Myocardial Protection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2016-08","conditions":"Congenital Heart Disease","enrollment":91},{"nctId":"NCT02715869","phase":"NA","title":"Impact of Variable Types of Preconditioning Upon the Inotrope Score in Adult Patients, Undergoing Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2016-03","conditions":"Myocardial Ischemia","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT02038062","phase":"NA","title":"Tissue Oxygenation of the Tibial Anterior Muscle After Clamping of the Femoral Artery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","startDate":"2010-05","conditions":"Tissue Oxygen Saturation","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02217319","phase":"NA","title":"Cardioprotection by Sevoflurane Preconditioning in Noncardiac Thoracic Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik GmbH","startDate":"2012-09","conditions":"High Sensitive Troponin T Release","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT02678650","phase":"PHASE4","title":"MicroRNA Mediates Volatile Anesthetics Preconditioning Induced Artery Protection","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Liang Zhang","startDate":"2016-01","conditions":"Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Triple Vessel","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT00821262","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Sevoflurane in Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele","startDate":"2008-09","conditions":"Anesthesia, Cardiac Surgery","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT02551328","phase":"","title":"Preconditioning With Sevoflurane and Propofol in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio","startDate":"2015-06","conditions":"Myocardial Ischemia","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT01477151","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Randomized Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Comparison in Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's","startDate":"2011-11","conditions":"Coronary Artery Disease, Valvular Heart Disease","enrollment":464},{"nctId":"NCT00995670","phase":"NA","title":"Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of Human Endothelium: Role of Glucose and Statins","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"US Department of Veterans Affairs","startDate":"2010-03","conditions":"Hyperglycemia","enrollment":59},{"nctId":"NCT02341833","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects of Preconditioning With Sevoflurane During Organ Procurement From Brain Dead Donors: Impact on Early Function of Liver Allografts","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Liege","startDate":"2015-01","conditions":"Post-transplantation Liver Allograft Function","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT00286585","phase":"PHASE4","title":"TEAM-Project: Trial on the Effect of Anesthetics on Morbidity and Mortality","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","startDate":"2006-02","conditions":"Coronary Artery Disease","enrollment":385},{"nctId":"NCT01548859","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparison of the Effects of Sevoflurane and Midazolam Used for the Maintenance of Anaesthesia on the Levels of Postoperative Cardiac Troponin I in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Baskent University","startDate":"2011-07","conditions":"Myocardial Injury, Anaesthetic Preconditioning","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT01204268","phase":"NA","title":"The Neuroprotection of Sevoflurane Preconditioning on Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Xijing Hospital","startDate":"2009-08","conditions":"Brain Ischemia","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT01021228","phase":"","title":"Preconditioning Volatile Anesthesia in Liver Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Zurich","startDate":"2008-08","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":257},{"nctId":"NCT00526695","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects of Sevoflurane in Subanesthetic Concentrations on the Forearm Perfusion","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Zurich","startDate":"2005-01","conditions":"Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT00569816","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Continuous Versus Repetitive Sevoflurane Administration for Preconditioning","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","startDate":"2005-01","conditions":"Myocardial Injury","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT00244283","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Comparison of Two Anaesthetic Methods of Protecting Heart Tissue During Cardiac Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Golden Jubilee National Hospital","startDate":"2006-01","conditions":"Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery","enrollment":150}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":155,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Sevoflurane (Preconditioning)","genericName":"Sevoflurane (Preconditioning)","companyName":"University of Zurich","companyId":"university-of-zurich","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Sevoflurane, when used as a preconditioning agent, activates cellular protective pathways that reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury by triggering mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels and anti-apoptotic signaling. Used for Cardioprotection during cardiac surgery and ischemia-reperfusion injury prevention, Perioperative myocardial protection in high-risk surgical patients.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}