{"id":"sevoflurane-nitrous-oxide","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Postoperative nausea and vomiting"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Emergence delirium"},{"rate":"<1","effect":"Hepatotoxicity (rare)"},{"rate":"<1","effect":"Malignant hyperthermia (rare, genetic predisposition)"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Airway irritation"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Bradycardia"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Sevoflurane is a volatile halogenated ether that enhances inhibitory GABA receptor signaling and inhibits excitatory NMDA receptors, while nitrous oxide acts primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist. Together, they produce rapid induction and maintenance of general anesthesia with analgesic properties, allowing for controlled sedation during surgical and diagnostic procedures.","oneSentence":"Sevoflurane and nitrous oxide are volatile anesthetic agents that depress the central nervous system to produce unconsciousness and analgesia for surgical procedures.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:07:46.009Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia for surgical procedures"},{"name":"Anesthesia for diagnostic procedures requiring sedation"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04962672","phase":"NA","title":"Anesthesia Induced Brain Cancer Survival (ABC Survival): A Feasibility Study","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University Health Network, Toronto","startDate":"2022-01-01","conditions":"Anesthesia, Brain Cancer, Survival","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT06760247","phase":"","title":"Dental Injury Related To Conventional Direct Laryngoscopy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Selcuk University","startDate":"2017-06-01","conditions":"Asa I-III Patients, Intubated Patients, Laryngoscopy","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT02945072","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Clinical Study of Behavior Problems in Children After Different Anesthesia Methods","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Children's Hospital, Zurich","startDate":"2018-01-22","conditions":"Child Behavior, Problem Behavior","enrollment":500},{"nctId":"NCT06630364","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparing Ketamine and Fentanyl in Pediatric Tonsillectomy: Pain Control and Emergence Delirium Outcomes (KVFPT)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Medipol University","startDate":"2023-01-01","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Acute, Emergence Delirium","enrollment":59},{"nctId":"NCT03467750","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Ketorolac on Post Adenotonsillectomy Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Emory University","startDate":"2018-07-19","conditions":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea","enrollment":63},{"nctId":"NCT06417060","phase":"NA","title":"Caudal Anesthesia Versus Local Anesthesia in Hypospadias","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Necmi Kadıoğlu Hospital","startDate":"2023-05-25","conditions":"Hypospadias, Hypospadias, Coronal, Caudal Anesthesia","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT01622335","phase":"NA","title":"Effect OF Nitrous Oxide On Acute Pain and Opioid Consumption, and Chronic Pain After Hysterectomy","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"The Cleveland Clinic","startDate":"2012-05","conditions":"Abdominal Hysterectomy (& Wertheim), Nitrous Oxide, General Anesthesia","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04002128","phase":"NA","title":"Tracheal Colonization and Outcome After Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Osijek University Hospital","startDate":"2008-01","conditions":"Colorectal Neoplasms Malignant, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Stomach Neoplasms","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT06352606","phase":"NA","title":"Spinal and General Anesthesia in Neonates Undergoing Herniorrhaphy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Tanta University","startDate":"2024-04-06","conditions":"Spinal Anesthesia, General Anesthesia, Neonates","enrollment":74},{"nctId":"NCT01622322","phase":"NA","title":"Nitrous Oxide On Acute Postoperative Pain and Opioid Consumption and Chronic Pain After Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgery","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"The Cleveland Clinic","startDate":"2012-05","conditions":"Inguinal Hernia Repair, Post Operative Pain","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT05993039","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Inhalational Anesthesia vs TIVA in Endoscopic Tympanoplasty","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Our Lady of the Lake Hospital","startDate":"2023-09-01","conditions":"Perforated Eardrum","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT06044753","phase":"NA","title":"Comparing the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Paediatric Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre","startDate":"2020-12-01","conditions":"Pediatric Population, Preoperative Anxiety","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT05430750","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Global Warming Impact of Nitrous Oxide","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sir Ganga Ram Hospital","startDate":"2022-06-29","conditions":"Global Warming Effect of Nitrous Oxide","enrollment":102},{"nctId":"NCT02512887","phase":"NA","title":"Caudal vs Local Anesthesia in Hypospadias","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"McMaster University","startDate":"2016-07","conditions":"Hypospadias","enrollment":224},{"nctId":"NCT04984122","phase":"NA","title":"Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain After Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Erzincan Military Hospital","startDate":"2021-08-09","conditions":"Procedure, Gynecologic Surgical","enrollment":248},{"nctId":"NCT03417193","phase":"NA","title":"Opioid Free Anesthesia and Major Spine Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Lebanese American University","startDate":"2018-01-29","conditions":"Opioid Use, Postoperative Pain, Spine Disease","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT01903421","phase":"NA","title":"Inhalational Anesthesia and Precipitation of Dementia: is There a Link?","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University Health Network, Toronto","startDate":"2014-03","conditions":"Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia","enrollment":500},{"nctId":"NCT03420586","phase":"NA","title":"Nitrous Oxide Added at the End of Sevoflurane Anesthesia and Recovery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"General Hospital Zadar","startDate":"2018-02-07","conditions":"Elective Surgical Procedures, Laparoscopy, Laparotomy","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT04099693","phase":"","title":"A Prospective Randomized Study of General Anesthesia Versus Anesthetist Administered Sedation for ERCP","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"King Abdullah Medical City","startDate":"2019-09-08","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":204},{"nctId":"NCT04527757","phase":"","title":"Duration of Anaesthesia Induction in Paediatric Patients: Prospective Observational Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Brno University Hospital","startDate":"2020-10-01","conditions":"Anaesthesia Induction","enrollment":1000},{"nctId":"NCT05139212","phase":"","title":"Determination of Optimum Time for Intravenous Cannulation in Children With Dexmedetomidine Premedication","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Karaman Training and Research Hospital","startDate":"2021-12-02","conditions":"Cannulation, Sevoflurane Induction, Dexmedetomidine","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02534012","phase":"NA","title":"Paravertebral Block vs. General Anesthesia for Major Abdominal Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Makassed General Hospital","startDate":"2016-05-01","conditions":"Major Abdominal Surgery","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04310748","phase":"NA","title":"Effects of TIVA and Inhalation Anesthesia on Oxidative Stress Factors During Hypotensive Anesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bezmialem Vakif University","startDate":"2020-05-01","conditions":"Oxidative Stress, Anesthesia","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04710225","phase":"NA","title":"Does Anesthetic Technique Affect Pneumatic Tourniquet Pressures in Upper Limb Fracture Surgery?","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Baskent University Ankara Hospital","startDate":"2019-10-08","conditions":"Initial Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg), Arterial Occlusion Pressure (mmHg), Tourniquet Time (Minutes)","enrollment":69},{"nctId":"NCT03812731","phase":"NA","title":"Incidence of Urethrocutaneous Fistula With and Without Caudal Epidural Block","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sir Ganga Ram Hospital","startDate":"2019-02-22","conditions":"Distal Hypospadias","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT01661907","phase":"NA","title":"Anesthesia-analgesia Methods and Postoperative Delirium","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Peking University First Hospital","startDate":"2011-11-21","conditions":"Elderly, Epidural Anesthesia, General Anesthesia","enrollment":1800},{"nctId":"NCT03330808","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Epidural Anesthesia on Blood Flow in Arterial Anastomosis of Free Flap","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Asan Medical Center","startDate":"2017-10-28","conditions":"Free Tissue Flaps","enrollment":52},{"nctId":"NCT03022240","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Neurobiological and Cognitive Changes Following Exposure to Either Sevoflurane- or Propofol-based Anesthesia in Children","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Calgary","startDate":"2017-01","conditions":"Cognitive Change, Behavior","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02460055","phase":"NA","title":"Trial- Dysphagia From ETT or GI Endoscopy","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Baylor College of Medicine","startDate":"2016-03","conditions":"Dysphagia, Respiratory Complications","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03513757","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Dexmedetomidine and Propofol for Pediatric MRI Sedation","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Medical College of Wisconsin","startDate":"2018-03-04","conditions":"Headache, Tumor, Seizure Disorder","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03807297","phase":"PHASE2","title":"TIVA vs Inhalational Mode of Anaesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Center, India","startDate":"2019-01-10","conditions":"Anesthesia Awareness","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT03215121","phase":"NA","title":"Mask Study: One-handed vs. Two Handed Technique in Children","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Nemours Children's Clinic","startDate":"2018-04-01","conditions":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03469700","phase":"NA","title":"General Anesthesia vs Paravertebral Block With General Anesthesia For Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Makassed General Hospital","startDate":"2018-03-15","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT00762372","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Japan Phase 2/3 Clinical Study With BLM-240 (Desflurane)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Baxter Healthcare Corporation","startDate":"2008-02","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":216},{"nctId":"NCT03792776","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Lidocaine 1% and 2% in the Tube Cuff on Postoperative Sore Throat and Cough","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Ogarite Habib","startDate":"2019-01","conditions":"Postoperative Sore Throat, Postoperative Cough","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT03006250","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effect of Desflurane vs Sevoflurane on Perioperative Respiratory Complications in Laryngeal Mask Airway Anesthesia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Chiang Mai University","startDate":"2016-08","conditions":"Anesthesia; Adverse Effect, Laryngeal Masks, Respiratory System Abnormalities","enrollment":220},{"nctId":"NCT03746444","phase":"NA","title":"Postoperative Complications Following Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Ufuk University","startDate":"2018-11-20","conditions":"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee","enrollment":130},{"nctId":"NCT03510013","phase":"NA","title":"1-1-8 Wash-in for Sevoflurane Low Flow Anesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Khon Kaen University","startDate":"2018-04-01","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT03002792","phase":"","title":"Neurodevelopment Outcomes After Pediatric Dental Caries Treatment Under General Anaesthesia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Air Force Military Medical University, China","startDate":"2017-01","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":360},{"nctId":"NCT02621255","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Anesthesia in Fracture Healing","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cukurova University","startDate":"2015-11","conditions":"Closed Fracture of Hip","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT02793323","phase":"NA","title":"Superficial Cervical Nerve Block vs NSAIDs for the Relief of Shoulder Pain After Laparoscopic Surgeries","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Makassed General Hospital","startDate":"2016-06-01","conditions":"Relieve Shoulder Pain After Laparoscopic Surgeries","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT01715584","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Is There an Adverse Drug Reaction Between Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade and Inhaled Anesthetics","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's","startDate":"2012-07","conditions":"Hypertension","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT03257800","phase":"NA","title":"Laryngeal Mask Insertion Conditions And Hemodynamic Effects","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Leila mansali stambouli","startDate":"2013-06-01","conditions":"Laryngeal Masks","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT00717574","phase":"NA","title":"Addition of Nitrous Oxide and Its Effects on Depth of Anesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Oklahoma","startDate":"2008-03","conditions":"Deep Sedation, Anesthesia, General","enrollment":32},{"nctId":"NCT02559297","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Effects of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on Treg","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mahidol University","startDate":"2015-08-10","conditions":"Transplant; Failure, Kidney","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02736604","phase":"NA","title":"Evaluation of Impact of Nitrous Oxide on PONV in Breast Surgeries","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tata Memorial Hospital","startDate":"2016-05","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":250},{"nctId":"NCT02331108","phase":"NA","title":"A Comparison of Inhalation vs. Intravenous Induction","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Albert Einstein Healthcare Network","startDate":"2014-08","conditions":"Hypothermia","enrollment":331},{"nctId":"NCT01691690","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Analgesic Effect of IV Acetaminophen in Tonsillectomies","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Nationwide Children's Hospital","startDate":"2012-10","conditions":"Adenotonsillitis, Tonsillitis","enrollment":250},{"nctId":"NCT03006211","phase":"NA","title":"The Effects of Nitrogen Protoxide and Oxygen on Corneal Endothelial in Pediatric Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Inonu University","startDate":"2016-12","conditions":"Cornea, Anesthesia; Reaction","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02236130","phase":"NA","title":"Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Pediatric Orthopedic Patients","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Mississippi Medical Center","startDate":"2014-06","conditions":"Pediatric Extremity Fracture, Pediatric Extremity Soft Tissue Injury","enrollment":49},{"nctId":"NCT02725164","phase":"NA","title":"Anesthetic Gas Leakage in Children During Tonsillectomy: a Comparison of Cuffed and Uncuffed Tracheal Tubes","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"State University of New York at Buffalo","startDate":"2016-04-12","conditions":"Exposure to Environmental Pollution, Adverse Effect of Unspecified General Anesthetic","enrollment":31},{"nctId":"NCT02383004","phase":"NA","title":"Acupuncture for the Prevention of Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Myringotomy Tube Placement","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Oregon Health and Science University","startDate":"2015-02","conditions":"Delirium, Psychomotor Agitation","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT02785653","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Sevoflurane on the Onset Characteristics and Intubating Conditions of Rocuronium","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Maharashtra University of Health Sciences","startDate":"2004-04","conditions":"Muscle Relaxation Caused by Sevoflurane","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT02355678","phase":"NA","title":"Dexamethasone Versus Local Infiltration Technique for Tonsillectomy in Children","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Makassed General Hospital","startDate":"2015-01","conditions":"Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting","enrollment":129},{"nctId":"NCT00321191","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Measurement of the Second Gas Effect on Sevoflurane in Anaesthetised Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Austin Health","startDate":"2006-05","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":14},{"nctId":"NCT00000259","phase":"NA","title":"Sevoflurane vs Nitrous Oxide Inhalation at Subanesthetic Concentrations - 11","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Chicago","startDate":"1996-08","conditions":"Opioid-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders","enrollment":12},{"nctId":"NCT00000261","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Effects of Alcohol History on Effects of Sevoflurane and Nitrous Oxide - 13","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Chicago","startDate":"1997-11","conditions":"Alcohol-Related Disorders, Opioid-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders","enrollment":14},{"nctId":"NCT00000262","phase":"NA","title":"Effects of Combined Sevoflurane and Nitrous Oxide Inhalation - 14","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Chicago","startDate":"1996-11","conditions":"Opioid-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT02360982","phase":"","title":"The Comparison of Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients After Lower Extremity Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cukurova University","startDate":"2012-03","conditions":"Postoperative Delirium","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT01925391","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"The Measurement of Intraocular Pressure in Normal Children Under General Anesthesia With and Without Nitrous Oxide and Anesthetic Eye Drops","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Miami","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":"Glaucoma, Intraocular Pressure, Anesthesia","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT01878656","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparison of Emergence Agitation Between Sevoflurane and Desflurane Anesthesia After Orthognathic Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Chung-Ang University Hosptial, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine","startDate":"2013-04","conditions":"Emergence Agitation","enrollment":144},{"nctId":"NCT02109510","phase":"NA","title":"Comparative Study of Nonintubated Anesthesia Versus Intubated General Anesthesia in Single Port Thoracoscopic Bullectomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Korea University","startDate":"2012-11","conditions":"Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT01705743","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane With Nitrous Oxide Inducing Isoelectric EEG","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","startDate":"2012-09","conditions":"Middle Aged Patients, General Anesthesia","enrollment":76},{"nctId":"NCT01955135","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Anesthesia for Retinopathy of Prematurity","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"TC Erciyes University","startDate":"2010-09","conditions":"Retinopathy","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT00990769","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Depth of Anesthesia as Measured by Bispectral Index (BIS) on Emergence Agitation in Children","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Duke University","startDate":"2009-09","conditions":"Emergence Agitation","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT01092923","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Physiological Effects of Nitrous Oxide on Anaesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Austin Health","startDate":"2009-10","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT01103193","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Nitrous Oxide - Sevoflurane-Remifentanil Interaction","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Ghent","startDate":"2010-02","conditions":"ASA Class I/II Patients Scheduled for Surgery Under General Anesthesia","enrollment":4},{"nctId":"NCT01342835","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Postoperative Analgesia in Children After Propofol Anesthesia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University Clinical Centre of Kosova","startDate":"2010-09","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT00938171","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparing Local Anesthesia With General Anesthesia for Breast Cancer Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Mackay Memorial Hospital","startDate":"2008-06","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT00706277","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Balanced Anesthesia on Postoperative Lung Function","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Medical University Innsbruck","startDate":"2008-06","conditions":"Lung Function","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":158,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Sevoflurane+Nitrous oxide","genericName":"Sevoflurane+Nitrous oxide","companyName":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","companyId":"huazhong-university-of-science-and-technology","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Sevoflurane is a small molecule used in medical settings, specifically studied for conditions such as delirium and substance-related disorders. Nitrous oxide, also known as dinitrogen monoxide, is a small molecule used in combination with sevoflurane for various medical interventions, including the prevention of emergence delirium in children.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}