{"id":"sequential-bcg-and-emda-mitomycin-c","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Dysuria"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Urinary frequency"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hematuria"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Local irritation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Systemic BCG toxicity"}]},"_chembl":null,"_fixedAt":"2026-03-30T17:44:22.546650","_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) stimulates local immune responses in the bladder to eliminate cancer cells. EMDA (electromotive drug administration) uses electrical current to enhance penetration of mitomycin C into bladder tissue, improving chemotherapeutic efficacy. The sequential combination leverages both immune activation and enhanced drug delivery.","oneSentence":"Sequential BCG immunotherapy followed by EMDA-enhanced mitomycin C chemotherapy provides combined immunological and chemotherapeutic effects for intravesical bladder cancer treatment.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:53:03.425Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), high-risk disease"}]},"_fixedFields":["pubmed(7)"],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03664869","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Electromotive Mitomycin-C (EMDA-MMC) in Preventing Recurrences in High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Turku University Hospital","startDate":"2018-10-26","conditions":"Bladder Cancer","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT02202044","phase":"NA","title":"Sequential Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Electromotive Mitomycin-C After Transuretheral Resection","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Colorado, Denver","startDate":"2015-02-24","conditions":"Bladder Carcinoma","enrollment":13},{"nctId":"NCT01442519","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Sequential Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and Electromotive Mitomycin-C Versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Alone for High Risk Superficial Bladder Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","startDate":"1994-01","conditions":"Bladder Cancer","enrollment":212}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":7,"recentPublications":[{"date":"2026 Feb 3","pmid":"41681972","title":"Survival Outcomes of BCG Only, BCG Plus EMDA-MMC or Upfront Radical Cystectomy in High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancers (NMIBCs): A Multicentre, International, Collaborative Study from Tertiary Referral Institutions.","journal":"Cancers"},{"date":"2025","pmid":"41132715","title":"Sequential intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Güerin and mitomycin C applied with electromotive drug administration therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.","journal":"Frontiers in oncology"},{"date":"2023 Aug","pmid":"37076337","title":"Sequential Treatment With Bacillus Calmette-Güerin (BCG) and Mitomycin C Administered With Electromotive Drug Administration (EMDA) in Patients With High-Risk Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer After BCG Failure.","journal":"Clinical genitourinary cancer"},{"date":"2020 Nov","pmid":"32712139","title":"Sequential administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Electromotive Drug Administration (EMDA) of mitomycin C (MMC) for the treatment of high-grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer after BCG failure.","journal":"Urologic oncology"},{"date":"2019 Feb","pmid":"30976573","title":"Device-assisted intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.","journal":"Translational andrology and urology"}],"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Sequential BCG and EMDA-MMC"],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Sequential BCG and EMDA mitomycin C","genericName":"Sequential BCG and EMDA mitomycin C","companyName":"Turku University Hospital","companyId":"turku-university-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Sequential BCG immunotherapy followed by EMDA-enhanced mitomycin C chemotherapy provides combined immunological and chemotherapeutic effects for intravesical bladder cancer treatment. Used for Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), high-risk disease.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}