{"id":"semi-synthetic-penicillin","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"1-3%","effect":"Hypersensitivity/allergic reaction"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Diarrhea"},{"rate":"1-3%","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"1-2%","effect":"Rash"},{"rate":"<0.1%","effect":"Anaphylaxis"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Semi-synthetic penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the natural penicillin nucleus with chemical modifications to improve stability, spectrum, or pharmacokinetics. They work by irreversibly inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes that cross-link peptidoglycan strands in the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell wall weakening and bacterial lysis. These modifications allow them to resist certain beta-lactamases and extend activity against gram-negative organisms compared to natural penicillins.","oneSentence":"Semi-synthetic penicillins inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins and blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:07:29.548Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Bacterial infections susceptible to semi-synthetic penicillins (specific agents vary: e.g., ampicillin for gram-positive and some gram-negative infections; amoxicillin for respiratory and urinary tract infections)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04775953","phase":"PHASE2","title":"DOTS: Dalbavancin as an Option for Treatment of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2021-04-22","conditions":"Staphylococcal Bacteraemia","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT01104662","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study of Daptomycin Safety and Efficacy for Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections (cSSSI) and Bacteremia in Renal Impairment","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Cubist Pharmaceuticals LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey USA)","startDate":"2010-04-19","conditions":"Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections, S. Aureus Bacteremia, Renal Impairment","enrollment":92},{"nctId":"NCT01728376","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Safety & Efficacy of Daptomycin Versus Standard of Care (SOC) in 1 - 17 Year Olds With Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia (MK-3009-005)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cubist Pharmaceuticals LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey USA)","startDate":"2012-11-29","conditions":"Bacteremia","enrollment":82},{"nctId":"NCT00428844","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study of Daptomycin in Subjects Undergoing Surgery for Osteomyelitis Associated With an Infected Prosthetic Caused by Staphylococci","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cubist Pharmaceuticals LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey USA)","startDate":"2007-06-26","conditions":"Osteomyelitis","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT00772447","phase":"PHASE3","title":"China Registration Study in Patients With Skin Infections","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"AstraZeneca","startDate":"2008-09","conditions":"Skin Diseases, Infectious","enrollment":265},{"nctId":"NCT01184872","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study to Compare Efficacy and Safety of Daptomycin in Elderly Patients With Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2010-03","conditions":"Infections","enrollment":120}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["SSP, nafcillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Semi-Synthetic Penicillin","genericName":"Semi-Synthetic Penicillin","companyName":"Cubist Pharmaceuticals LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey USA)","companyId":"cubist-pharmaceuticals-llc-a-subsidiary-of-merck-co-inc-rahway-new-jersey-usa","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Semi-synthetic penicillins inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins and blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking. Used for Bacterial infections susceptible to semi-synthetic penicillins (specific agents vary: e.g., ampicillin for gram-positive and some gram-negative infections; amoxicillin for respiratory and urinary tract infections).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":1},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}