{"id":"semaglutide-or-tirzepatide","rwe":[],"tags":[],"safety":{"boxedWarnings":["Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2."],"drugInteractions":["Antidiabetic agents","Insulin","Oral hypoglycemics"],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"20-30%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"Diarrhea","drugRate":"10-20%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"Vomiting","drugRate":"10-15%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"Constipation","drugRate":"5-10%","severity":"Mild"},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"5-10%","severity":"Mild"},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"5-10%","severity":"Mild"}],"contraindications":["History of severe hypersensitivity to semaglutide or any of the product components","Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma","Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2"],"specialPopulations":{"Elderly":"Use with caution; monitor for adverse reactions.","Lactation":"Not recommended; unknown if it passes into breast milk.","Pregnancy":"Not recommended; potential risk to the fetus.","Renal Impairment":"Use with caution; dose adjustment may be necessary.","Hepatic Impairment":"Use with caution; dose adjustment may be necessary."}},"trials":[],"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL4297839","moleculeType":"Protein"},"aliases":[],"patents":[{"title":"Peptide derivatives","expiry":"2034-06-15","number":"US9290477B2"},{"title":"Peptide derivatives","expiry":"2034-06-15","number":"US9662337B2"}],"pricing":[],"offLabel":[],"timeline":[{"date":"2017-06-14","type":"Approval","milestone":"FDA approval of semaglutide for type 2 diabetes","regulator":"FDA"},{"date":"2021-06-04","type":"Approval","milestone":"FDA approval of semaglutide for obesity","regulator":"FDA"},{"date":"2022-05-13","type":"Approval","milestone":"FDA approval of tirzepatide for type 2 diabetes","regulator":"FDA"},{"date":"2023-06-01","type":"Approval","milestone":"Expected FDA approval of tirzepatide for obesity","regulator":"FDA"}],"_dailymed":null,"aiSummary":"Semaglutide and tirzepatide are both advanced GLP-1 receptor agonists developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Semaglutide, marketed by Novo Nordisk, has been approved for both conditions, while tirzepatide, developed by Eli Lilly, is approved for type 2 diabetes and is in late-stage trials for obesity. Both drugs have shown significant efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels and body weight, with semaglutide demonstrating a slight edge in weight loss. However, they come with a range of side effects, including gastrointestinal issues, which can be managed with dose titration. The drugs are administered via subcutaneous injection and have been well-received commercially, with semaglutide leading in current revenue and peak sales estimates.","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"GLP-1 receptor","novelty":"Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, offering a novel mechanism compared to semaglutide, which is a single GLP-1 receptor agonist.","modality":"Subcutaneous injection","drugClass":"GLP-1 receptor agonist","explanation":"These drugs mimic the action of the incretin hormone GLP-1, which is released in response to food intake and helps regulate blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin release and inhibiting glucagon secretion. They also slow gastric emptying, which contributes to their weight-loss effects.","oneSentence":"Semaglutide and tirzepatide are GLP-1 receptor agonists that enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, leading to improved glycemic control and weight loss.","technicalDetail":"Both semaglutide and tirzepatide bind to and activate the GLP-1 receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor found on pancreatic beta cells and other tissues. This activation leads to increased intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release. Additionally, they act on the central nervous system to reduce appetite and food intake."},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:07:19.709Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"commercial":{"yoyGrowth":"40%","launchDate":"2017 (Semaglutide), 2022 (Tirzepatide)","annualCostUS":"$1,000-$1,500 per year","currentRevenue":"$6.4 billion (Semaglutide, 2022)","patientPopulation":"Estimated 30 million people with type 2 diabetes and 93 million adults with obesity in the US","peakSalesEstimate":"$15 billion (Semaglutide, 2028)"},"references":[],"biosimilars":[],"competitors":["Liraglutide (Victoza, Novo Nordisk)","Dulaglutide (Trulicity, Eli Lilly)","Exenatide (Bydureon, AstraZeneca)"],"indications":{"approved":["Type 2 diabetes","Obesity (Semaglutide only)"],"offLabel":["Weight management in non-diabetic patients"],"pipeline":["Obesity (Tirzepatide)"]},"labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06751589","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"A Study of a Weight Loss Intervention in People With Endometrial Cancer","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","startDate":"2024-12-19","conditions":"Endometrial Cancer","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT07462663","phase":"","title":"SHAPE-ENDO: Multimodal Pre-Surgical Optimization in Patients With Obesity and Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge","startDate":"2026-05","conditions":"Endometrial Cancer, Endometrial Cancer Stage I, Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Carcinoma Stage I","enrollment":82},{"nctId":"NCT07107334","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study to Estimate Early Clinical Efficacy Signals of GLP-1 Agonist Administration in Conjunction With Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device in Obese Patients With Endometrioid Intraepithelial Neoplasia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Florida","startDate":"2026-03","conditions":"Endometrioid Endometrial Adenocarcinoma","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT06885736","phase":"NA","title":"LEAN Mass Preservation With Resistance Exercise and Protein During Semaglutide/Tirzepatide Therapy","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Dasman Diabetes Institute","startDate":"2026-03-10","conditions":"Obesity","enrollment":232},{"nctId":"NCT06897475","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of LY3457263 Compared With Placebo in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes on a Stable Dose of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Eli Lilly and Company","startDate":"2025-03-28","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT07444073","phase":"","title":"Assessing Biological Aging in a Real-World Medical Weight Loss Program Using the LinAge2 Clinical Clock","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"National University of Singapore","startDate":"2026-02-02","conditions":"Aging, Obesity & Overweight","enrollment":440},{"nctId":"NCT07417618","phase":"","title":"INcreTin-based thERapies for Cardiovascular Event PrevenTion in Patients With and Without ASCVD (INTERCEPT-ASCVD)","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","startDate":"2026-01-27","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes, Overweight, ASCVD","enrollment":60000},{"nctId":"NCT07202247","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Metabolic Interventions (Time-Restricted Eating, GLP1 Receptor Agonist, and Heart Healthy Diet) to Improve Cardiometabolic Health in Prostate Cancer Patients During Androgen Deprivation Therapy, IMPACT-ADT Trial","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"City of Hope Medical Center","startDate":"2026-01-23","conditions":"Prostate Carcinoma, Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT07382388","phase":"","title":"A Real-World Study on the Impact of Weight Loss on Treatment Efficacy in Overweight/Obese Patients With Plaque Psoriasis","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Peking University Third Hospital","startDate":"2026-01-28","conditions":"Psoriasis","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT06221969","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Research Study to See How Much CagriSema Lowers Blood Sugar and Body Weight Compared to Tirzepatide in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin With or Without an SGLT2 Inhibitor","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Novo Nordisk A/S","startDate":"2024-01-16","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes","enrollment":1000},{"nctId":"NCT06605703","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Treatment Options for Weight Management After Discontinuation of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide (GLP1 Transition Trial)","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"WW International Inc","startDate":"2024-09-18","conditions":"Obesity, Overweight","enrollment":226},{"nctId":"NCT06648031","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Comparison of the Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of DehydraTECH -CBD and DehydraTECH-GLP1 Agonists Alone or in Combination, in Overweight or Obese, Pre- and Type 2 Diabetic Participants","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Lexaria Bioscience Corp.","startDate":"2024-12-04","conditions":"Type2diabetes","enrollment":148},{"nctId":"NCT07309094","phase":"","title":"Clinical, Morphometric and Biochemical Effects on Adiposopathy Associated With the Use of GLP-1RA in CKD","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cardenal Herrera University","startDate":"2023-09-15","conditions":"Chronic Kidney Disease stage3, Chronic Kidney Disease stage4, Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1","enrollment":250},{"nctId":"NCT06801015","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects of Long-Acting GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) or Dual Incretin (GLP-1 and GIP [Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide]) Modulation on Gastric Motor Functions","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2025-10-01","conditions":"Obesity","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT06640972","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Effects of RDX-002 on Postprandial Triglycerides in Patients Discontinuing GLP-1 Agonists","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Response Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2024-09-27","conditions":"Triglycerides, Weight Gain Trajectory, Cholesterol, Elevated","enrollment":68},{"nctId":"NCT07058155","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Optimizing Portal Hypertension With TIPS and Interval Metabolic Surgery for Advanced Liver Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"The Cleveland Clinic","startDate":"2025-12-17","conditions":"Liver Cirrhoses, Portal Hypertension Related to Cirrhosis, Severe Obesity","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT06779929","phase":"","title":"Comparative Study of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide (SURPASS CVOT) or Semaglutide on Major Cardiovascular Events in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","startDate":"2024-11-01","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes","enrollment":70000},{"nctId":"NCT06534411","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Research Study to See How Much CagriSema Lowers Blood Sugar and Body Weight Compared to Tirzepatide in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin, SGLT2 Inhibitor or Both","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Novo Nordisk A/S","startDate":"2024-11-05","conditions":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","enrollment":1023},{"nctId":"NCT05822830","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Obesity or Overweight With Weight Related Comorbidities","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Eli Lilly and Company","startDate":"2023-04-21","conditions":"Obesity, Overweight","enrollment":751},{"nctId":"NCT07027969","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Metabolic Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation Elimination","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Ali Aminian","startDate":"2026-02-01","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation, Obesity and Obesity-related Medical Conditions","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT07229170","phase":"","title":"Changes in Taste and Eating Habits Associated With GLP-1 Agonists in Weight Loss Patients","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"San Raffaele Telematic University","startDate":"2025-12-01","conditions":"Obesity & Overweight, Taste Alterations, Weight Loss","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT07223242","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Tailored Exercise Training Study Among Adults With HFpEF","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","startDate":"2025-02-18","conditions":"HFpEF - Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, Diabetic Cardiomyopathies","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT07115069","phase":"","title":"Comparison of Body Composition Changes With Weight Loss Interventions","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","startDate":"2025-08-09","conditions":"Obesity","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT07213323","phase":"NA","title":"Probiotic Intervention for Digestive Health in Obese Patients Initiating GLP-RA Treatment","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hospices Civils de Lyon","startDate":"2025-12-15","conditions":"Obesity &Amp; Overweight, Digestive Disorders","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT07188545","phase":"","title":"Using Secondary Data to Evaluate Sex-based Heterogeneity of GLP-1 Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health (CKMH) Outcomes in Real-world Settings (DASH-CKMH)","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Ohio State University","startDate":"2025-09-15","conditions":"Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic Syndrome","enrollment":23280000},{"nctId":"NCT07179120","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Can Fat-Burning Shots Boost Fertility? Comparing Weight-Loss Injections vs. Healthy Habits for Obese Men With Low Sperm Health","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","startDate":"2026-05-01","conditions":"Obesity-related Male Infertility","enrollment":180},{"nctId":"NCT07042672","phase":"","title":"Behavioral Therapy and GLP-1 Analogue Effects on Binge Eating, Weight, and Coping in Obesity","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Haukeland University Hospital","startDate":"2025-07-01","conditions":"Binge Eating Disorder Associated With Obesity, Binge Eating Disorder, Eating Disorder Binge","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT05756764","phase":"","title":"Anti-obesity Pharmacotherapy and Inflammation","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans","startDate":"2023-06-01","conditions":"Obesity","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT07156331","phase":"","title":"Research on Effects of Drugs on Body Composition and Function With Imaging in Diabetes","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Kristin Clemens","startDate":"2025-10-01","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT06374875","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Fibrosis Lessens After Metabolic Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Ali Aminian","startDate":"2024-07-11","conditions":"Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT07057310","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Aging Well: Targeting Obesity With GLP-1 Agonists to Enhance Physical and Vascular Health in Postmenopausal Women","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2025-05-01","conditions":"Obesity, Menopause","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT07041983","phase":"","title":"24-h Energy Expenditure and Anti-obesity Medication","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Pisa","startDate":"2025-07-01","conditions":"Obesity","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT06790160","phase":"","title":"Study of Patients Being Treated With Anti-obesity Medication","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Texas Tech University","startDate":"2025-01-31","conditions":"Obesity and Overweight","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT06803888","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Bariatric Surgery vs. Semaglutide vs. Tirzepatide","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Ali Aminian","startDate":"2025-01-29","conditions":"Obesity and Obesity-related Medical Conditions","enrollment":125},{"nctId":"NCT06856928","phase":"","title":"Impact of Antiobesity Medications on Appetite and Appetite-related Hormones and Metabolites.","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Colorado, Denver","startDate":"2025-03","conditions":"Obesity; Drug","enrollment":16},{"nctId":"NCT06400615","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study That Tests AD109 in Patients Taking GLP-1 Drugs","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Apnimed","startDate":"2024-05-20","conditions":"OSA","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT05812183","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Gastric Sleeve-Induced Weight Loss on Shortness of Breath in Obesity","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"University of California, Los Angeles","startDate":"2023-07-09","conditions":"Dyspnea, Quality of Life","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT06354101","phase":"","title":"The Purpose of This Registry Study is to Learn More About Metabolic Health: Approximately 15,000 Participants Who Are Overweight or Have Obesity With or Without Metabolic Diseases Are Expected to Participate in This Registry Study.","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"CorEvitas","startDate":"2023-07-01","conditions":"Metabolic Health","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT05751720","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Effect on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Analogue","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Dr Adnan Agha","startDate":"2023-10-01","conditions":"Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Type 2 Diabetes","enrollment":30}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":5453,"therapeuticAreas":["Metabolic"],"_revenueScrapedAt":"2026-03-31 12:06:57.040955+00","biosimilarFilings":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"semaglutide or tirzepatide","genericName":"semaglutide or tirzepatide","companyName":"Mayo Clinic","companyId":"mayo-clinic","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"2017 (Semaglutide), 2022 (Tirzepatide)","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health Canada","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null}],"patentsNormalised":[{"patent_number":"US9290477B2","territory":"US","patent_type":"","expiry_date":"2034-06-15T00:00:00.000Z","status":"active","paragraph_iv_filed":false},{"patent_number":"US9662337B2","territory":"US","patent_type":"","expiry_date":"2034-06-15T00:00:00.000Z","status":"active","paragraph_iv_filed":false}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}