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It is a very soft, whitish-grey solid in the alkali metal group, similar to potassium and caesium. Rubidium is the first alkali metal in the group to have a density higher than water. On Earth, natural rubidium comprises two isotopes: 72% is a stable isotope 85Rb, and 28% is slightly radioactive 87Rb, with a half-life of 48.8 billion years – more than three times as long as the estimated age of the universe.","wiki_history":"==History==\nthumb|left|upright|[[Gustav Kirchhoff (left) and Robert Bunsen (center) discovered rubidium by spectroscopy. (Henry Enfield Roscoe is on the right.)| alt= Three middle-aged men, with the one in the middle sitting down. All wear long jackets, and the shorter man on the left has a beard.]]\nRubidium was discovered in 1861 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, in Heidelberg, Germany, in the mineral lepidolite through flame spectroscopy. Because of the bright red lines in its emission spectrum, they chose a name derived from the Latin word , meaning \"deep red\".\n\nRubidium is a minor component in lepidolite. Kirchhoff and Bunsen processed 150&nbsp;kg of a lepidolite containing only 0.24% rubidium monoxide (Rb<sub>2</sub>O). Both potassium and rubidium form insoluble salts with chloroplatinic acid, but those salts show a slight difference in solubility in hot water. Therefore, the less soluble rubidium hexachloroplatinate (Rb<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>) could be obtained by fractional crystallization. After reduction of the hexachloroplatinate with hydrogen, the process yielded 0.51&nbsp;grams of rubidium chloride (RbCl) for further studies. Bunsen and Kirchhoff began their first large-scale isolation of caesium and rubidium compounds with  of mineral water, which yielded 7.3&nbsp;grams of caesium chloride and 9.2&nbsp;grams of rubidium chloride.\n\nThe two scientists used the rubidium chloride to estimate that the atomic weight of the new element was 85.36 (the currently accepted value is 85.47). In a second attempt to produce metallic rubidium, Bunsen was able to reduce rubidium by heating charred rubidium tartrate. Although the distilled rubidium was pyrophoric, they were able to determine the density and the melting point. The quality of this research in the 1860s can be appraised by the fact that their determined density differs by less than 0.1&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup><!--1.52--> and the melting point by less than 1&nbsp;°C <!--38.5&nbsp;°C--> from the presen"},"commercial":{"launchDate":"2016","_launchSource":"OpenFDA (20160930, JUBILANT)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json?search=openfda.generic_name:\"RUBIDIUM\"","fields":["mechanism","indications","adverse_reactions","contraindications","warnings","dosage"],"source":"OpenFDA Label"},{"id":2,"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:\"RUBIDIUM\"","fields":["approvals","company"],"source":"OpenFDA Drugs@FDA"},{"id":3,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=rubidium","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":4,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=rubidium","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":5,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":6,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-31T10:22:09.745380","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T05:14:06.898048+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[],"genericName":"rubidium","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Positron emission tomography","diseaseId":"positron-emission-tomography","approvalDate":"","lineOfTherapy":"","approvalCountry":"United States"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07346404","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dynamic 82-Rb Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for the Grading of KIDney Carcinoma","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Assistance Publique - 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