{"id":"rose-bengal","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Photosensitivity reaction"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Local tissue necrosis at treatment site"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Vision changes or visual disturbances"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Injection site reactions"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":{"setId":"4d5107c6-5077-4006-994f-1cd351775b80","title":"GLOSTRIPS (ROSE BENGAL SODIUM) STRIP [NOMAX INC.]"},"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Rose Bengal absorbs light energy and transitions to an excited state, producing singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species that cause direct cellular damage and death. It is used primarily in photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications where light activation is applied to the target tissue. The drug accumulates in diseased or neoplastic tissue and, when exposed to appropriate wavelengths of light, induces phototoxic effects leading to tissue destruction.","oneSentence":"Rose Bengal is a xanthene dye that generates reactive oxygen species upon light activation to destroy targeted cells and tissues.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:32:44.484Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Ophthalmic use (e.g., age-related macular degeneration via photodynamic therapy)"},{"name":"Experimental photodynamic therapy for various cancers and lesions"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05110001","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Rose Bengal Electromagnetic Activation With Green Light for Infection Reduction","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of California, San Francisco","startDate":"2022-08-03","conditions":"Acanthamoeba Keratitis, Fungal Keratitis","enrollment":330},{"nctId":"NCT06271772","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Rose Bengal Electromagnetic Activation With Green Light for Infection Reduction II","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of California, San Francisco","startDate":"2024-07-01","conditions":"Bacterial Keratitis","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT02386774","phase":"NA","title":"Innovative Imaging of the Conjunctiva, Cornea, and Ocular Adnexa","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne","startDate":"2016-03-21","conditions":"Corneal Disease, Blepharitis, Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases","enrollment":112},{"nctId":"NCT02557321","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"PV-10 in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2015-10","conditions":"Melanoma","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02693067","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Phase 1 Study of PV-10 Chemoablation of Neuroendocrine Tumours (NET) Metastatic to the Liver","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2016-07","conditions":"Neuroendocrine Tumors Metastatic to the Liver","enrollment":12},{"nctId":"NCT00986661","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Study to Assess PV-10 Chemoablation of Cancer of the Liver","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2009-10","conditions":"Cancer Metastatic to the Liver, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Metastatic Melanoma","enrollment":78},{"nctId":"NCT02288897","phase":"PHASE3","title":"PV-10 vs Chemotherapy or Oncolytic Viral Therapy for Treatment of Locally Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2015-04","conditions":"Cutaneous Melanoma","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT00555646","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Topical PH-10 Aqueous Hydrogel and Photodynamic Therapy for Psoriasis","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Provectus Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2007-11","conditions":"Plaque Psoriasis","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT04837664","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Curcumin; Rose Bengal; Denture Stomatitis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"King Saud University","startDate":"2018-07-03","conditions":"Candida Albicans Infection, Cigarette Smoking","enrollment":45},{"nctId":"NCT03031899","phase":"","title":"Comparison or Rose Bengal and Toluidine Blue Staining for Lesion Detection Efficacy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bangalore, India","startDate":"2015-03","conditions":"Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus, Premalignant Lesion","enrollment":27},{"nctId":"NCT02322086","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Phase 2 Study of Cellular and Immunologic Changes in the Skin of Subjects Receiving PH-10","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Provectus Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2015-01","conditions":"Psoriasis","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT01760499","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Detection of Immune Cell Infiltration Into Melanomas Treated by PV-10, a Feasibility Study","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute","startDate":"2013-01-24","conditions":"Melanoma","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT01260779","phase":"","title":"Expanded Access Protocol for PV-10 for Cutaneous or Subcutaneous Tumors","status":"NO_LONGER_AVAILABLE","sponsor":"Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"","conditions":"Cutaneous or Subcutaneous Tumors Where There is no Comparable or Satisfactory, Approved Alternative Therapy","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT00521053","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase 2 Study of Intralesional PV-10 for Metastatic Melanoma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Provectus Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2007-09","conditions":"Melanoma","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT01247818","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Randomized Study of PH-10 for Psoriasis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Provectus Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2010-12","conditions":"Psoriasis","enrollment":99},{"nctId":"NCT00941278","phase":"PHASE2","title":"An Efficacy and Safety Study of PH-10 Aqueous Hydrogel for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Provectus Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2009-07","conditions":"Psoriasis","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT00991679","phase":"","title":"CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCR3 in Dry Eye Syndrome","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Chonnam National University Hospital","startDate":"2008-02","conditions":"Dry Eye Syndrome","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT00586040","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Photochemical Tissue Bonding","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Massachusetts General Hospital","startDate":"2007-09","conditions":"Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Atypical Nevus","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT00237354","phase":"PHASE1","title":"PV-10 Chemoablation of Recurrent Breast Carcinoma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Provectus Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2005-10","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT00219843","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Intralesional PV-10 Chemoablation of Metastatic Melanoma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Provectus Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2005-08","conditions":"Melanoma","enrollment":20}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Corneal Cross Linking with rose Bengal","PV-10"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Rose Bengal","genericName":"Rose Bengal","companyName":"University of California, San Francisco","companyId":"university-of-california-san-francisco","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Rose Bengal is a xanthene dye that generates reactive oxygen species upon light activation to destroy targeted cells and tissues. Used for Ophthalmic use (e.g., age-related macular degeneration via photodynamic therapy), Experimental photodynamic therapy for various cancers and lesions.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":2,"withResults":1},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}