{"id":"reproterol","rwe":[{"pmid":"41604371","year":"2026","title":"Computational repurposing of approved drugs targeting KRAS G12D and EGFR for colorectal cancer therapy.","finding":"","journal":"PloS one","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"36323699","year":"2022","title":"Phosphorylation of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 at serine 33 attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.","finding":"","journal":"Nature communications","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"22198635","year":"2012","title":"Cromoglycate, reproterol, or both--what's best for exercise-induced asthma?","finding":"","journal":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"20632918","year":"2010","title":"Effects of a german asthma disease management program using sickness fund claims data.","finding":"","journal":"The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"20155493","year":"2010","title":"Generic sample preparation combined with high-resolution liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for unification of urine screening in doping-control laboratories.","finding":"","journal":"Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"reproterol","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Beta-2 adrenergic receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"ADRB2","category":"gene"},{"label":"R03AC15","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Asthma","category":"indication"},{"label":"Adrenergic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic beta-Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Asthmatic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Bronchodilator Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Respiratory System Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"epiferol","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["reproterol","reproterol hydrochloride","reproterol HCl","reproterol monohydrochloride","epiferol"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Epiferol","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Asthma","otherDrugs":[{"name":"beclometasone dipropionate","slug":"beclometasone-dipropionate","company":""},{"name":"betamethasone","slug":"betamethasone","company":""},{"name":"betamethasone acetate","slug":"betamethasone-acetate","company":""},{"name":"bitolterol","slug":"bitolterol","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"}],"globalPrevalence":262000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Beta-2 adrenergic receptor","targets":[{"gene":"ADRB2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Beta-2 adrenergic receptor","protein":"Beta-2 adrenergic receptor"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"reproterol","explanation":"Imagine your airways are like a narrow road that gets congested when you have asthma. Epiferol helps to relax the muscles around the road, making it wider and easier to breathe. This is because it stimulates the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, which sends a signal to the muscles to relax and open up the airway.","oneSentence":"Epiferol works by stimulating the beta-2 adrenergic receptor to increase the concentration of cyclic AMP, leading to bronchodilation.","technicalDetail":"Epiferol acts as a partial agonist at the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, increasing the concentration of cyclic AMP through the activation of adenylate cyclase and subsequent inhibition of phosphodiesterase. This leads to the relaxation of airway smooth muscle and bronchodilation, improving lung function in patients with asthma."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2368","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=REPROTEROL","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=REPROTEROL","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T15:31:28.673764","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"salbutamol","drugSlug":"salbutamol","fdaApproval":"1981-05-01","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"terbutaline","drugSlug":"terbutaline","fdaApproval":"1974-03-25","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"isoetarine","drugSlug":"isoetarine","fdaApproval":"1979-10-23","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"pirbuterol","drugSlug":"pirbuterol","fdaApproval":"1986-12-30","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"salmeterol","drugSlug":"salmeterol","fdaApproval":"1994-02-04","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"formoterol","drugSlug":"formoterol","fdaApproval":"2001-02-16","genericCount":10,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"clenbuterol","drugSlug":"clenbuterol","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"bitolterol","drugSlug":"bitolterol","fdaApproval":"1984-12-28","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"indacaterol","drugSlug":"indacaterol","fdaApproval":"2011-07-01","patentExpiry":"Oct 11, 2028","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"olodaterol","drugSlug":"olodaterol","fdaApproval":"2014-07-31","patentExpiry":"Jan 19, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"reproterol","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Asthma","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":195967001,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":25000000,"globalPrevalence":262000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"WHO, 2023"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"salbutamol","brandName":"salbutamol","genericName":"salbutamol","approvalYear":"1981","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"terbutaline","brandName":"terbutaline","genericName":"terbutaline","approvalYear":"1974","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"isoetarine","brandName":"isoetarine","genericName":"isoetarine","approvalYear":"1979","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"pirbuterol","brandName":"pirbuterol","genericName":"pirbuterol","approvalYear":"1986","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"salmeterol","brandName":"salmeterol","genericName":"salmeterol","approvalYear":"1994","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"formoterol","brandName":"formoterol","genericName":"formoterol","approvalYear":"2001","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"clenbuterol","brandName":"clenbuterol","genericName":"clenbuterol","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"bitolterol","brandName":"bitolterol","genericName":"bitolterol","approvalYear":"1984","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"indacaterol","brandName":"indacaterol","genericName":"indacaterol","approvalYear":"2011","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"olodaterol","brandName":"olodaterol","genericName":"olodaterol","approvalYear":"2014","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00777348","phase":"PHASE2","title":"To Assess the Protective Effect of the Fixed Drug Combination of Disodium Cromoglycate Plus Reproterol","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"MEDA Pharma GmbH & Co. KG","startDate":"2007-11","conditions":["Asthma, Exercise-Induced"],"enrollment":62,"completionDate":"2008-10"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"004033","UNII":"11941YC6RN","CHEBI":"CHEBI:135612","INN_ID":"3501","RXNORM":"235833","UMLSCUI":"C0073076","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL1095607","KEGG_DRUG":"D05718","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB12846","PUBCHEM_CID":"25654","SNOMEDCT_US":"349925003","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"13055-82-8","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C014792"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"DrugCentral","bioavailability":"50%"},"publicationCount":83,"therapeuticAreas":["Respiratory"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"R03AC15","allCodes":["R03AC15","R03AK05","R03CC14"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2026","pmid":"41604371","title":"Computational repurposing of approved drugs targeting KRAS G12D and EGFR for colorectal cancer therapy.","journal":"PloS one"},{"date":"2022 Nov 2","pmid":"36323699","title":"Phosphorylation of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 at serine 33 attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.","journal":"Nature communications"},{"date":"2012 Dec","pmid":"22198635","title":"Cromoglycate, reproterol, or both--what's best for exercise-induced asthma?","journal":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung"},{"date":"2010 Aug","pmid":"20632918","title":"Effects of a german asthma disease management program using sickness fund claims data.","journal":"The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma"},{"date":"2010 Apr","pmid":"20155493","title":"Generic sample preparation combined with high-resolution liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for unification of urine screening in doping-control laboratories.","journal":"Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Epiferol is a small molecule that acts as a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It is being studied in combination with disodium cromoglycate for the treatment of exercise-induced asthma.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":true,"score":3}}