{"id":"quinine-plus-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Cinchonism (tinnitus, headache, visual disturbances)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal upset"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hemolytic anemia (in G6PD deficiency)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Photosensitivity"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL3137690","moleculeType":"Unknown","molecularWeight":"559.05"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Quinine is a cinchona alkaloid that intercalates into parasite DNA and inhibits protein synthesis, while sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is a fixed-dose combination that inhibits sequential steps in folate synthesis (dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase), disrupting nucleotide synthesis in Plasmodium species. Together, these agents provide complementary mechanisms against drug-resistant malaria parasites.","oneSentence":"This combination uses quinine to inhibit parasite protein synthesis and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to block folate metabolism in malaria parasites, providing synergistic antimalarial activity.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:03:28.792Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum and other species)"},{"name":"Drug-resistant malaria"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00167739","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Treatment of Malaria With Quinine Plus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Albert Schweitzer Hospital","startDate":"2003-04","conditions":"Malaria","enrollment":50}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":12,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine","genericName":"Quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine","companyName":"Albert Schweitzer Hospital","companyId":"albert-schweitzer-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"This combination uses quinine to inhibit parasite protein synthesis and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to block folate metabolism in malaria parasites, providing synergistic antimalarial activity. Used for Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum and other species), Drug-resistant malaria.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}