{"id":"pyrimethamine-plus-sulfadiazine-plus-leucoverin","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Bone marrow suppression"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Rash"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbance"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Folate deficiency"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hepatotoxicity"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Pyrimethamine is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor that disrupts nucleotide synthesis in parasites and certain bacteria. Sulfadiazine inhibits bacterial folate synthesis through a complementary mechanism. Leucovorin (folinic acid) is a reduced folate cofactor that rescues host cell folate metabolism, reducing toxicity while preserving the antimicrobial effect against organisms that cannot utilize exogenous folinic acid.","oneSentence":"This combination inhibits parasitic dihydrofolate reductase to block nucleotide synthesis, with sulfadiazine providing synergistic antimicrobial activity and leucovorin protecting host cells from folate antagonism.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:36:49.679Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Toxoplasmosis (particularly CNS toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients)"},{"name":"Malaria (chloroquine-resistant strains)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00367081","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Treatment of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Department of Medical Services Ministry of Public Health of Thailand","startDate":"2003-05","conditions":"Toxoplasmic Encephalitis, AIDS","enrollment":30}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Pyrimethamine plus Sulfadiazine plus leucoverin","genericName":"Pyrimethamine plus Sulfadiazine plus leucoverin","companyName":"Department of Medical Services Ministry of Public Health of Thailand","companyId":"department-of-medical-services-ministry-of-public-health-of-thailand","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"This combination inhibits parasitic dihydrofolate reductase to block nucleotide synthesis, with sulfadiazine providing synergistic antimicrobial activity and leucovorin protecting host cells from folate antagonism. Used for Toxoplasmosis (particularly CNS toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients), Malaria (chloroquine-resistant strains).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}