{"id":"pyrazinamide","rwe":[{"pmid":"41906859","year":"2026","title":"Clinical profile and predictors of mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS with Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected in blood or bone marrow at a tertiary hospital in Northeast Brazil.","finding":"","journal":"Tropical doctor","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41894632","year":"2026","title":"Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Syndrome in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient with Type 2 Respiratory Failure and Sepsis.","finding":"","journal":"International journal of mycobacteriology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41884329","year":"2026","title":"Isolated epididymal tuberculosis presenting as a chronic hydrocele: A rare manifestation of genitourinary TB.","finding":"","journal":"IDCases","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41869433","year":"2026","title":"Cutaneous Tuberculous Sinus Tract: A Case Report.","finding":"","journal":"Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41853115","year":"2026","title":"Acquisition of bedaquiline and clofazimine resistance in association with a novel loss-of-function mutation in the pepQ gene during treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","finding":"","journal":"ASM case reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"e043f21d-4a30-4d23-bc03-12207af7d6d7","set_id":"262d8829-728c-48db-b89b-88d13b87e684","openfda":{"nui":["N0000175483"],"upc":["0370954484103","0370954484301","0370954484202"],"unii":["2KNI5N06TI"],"route":["ORAL"],"rxcui":["198181"],"spl_id":["e043f21d-4a30-4d23-bc03-12207af7d6d7"],"brand_name":["Pyrazinamide"],"spl_set_id":["262d8829-728c-48db-b89b-88d13b87e684"],"package_ndc":["70954-484-10","70954-484-20","70954-484-30","70954-484-40"],"product_ndc":["70954-484"],"generic_name":["PYRAZINAMIDE"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["PYRAZINAMIDE"],"pharm_class_epc":["Antimycobacterial [EPC]"],"manufacturer_name":["ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc."],"application_number":["ANDA080157"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"2","warnings":["WARNINGS Patients started on pyrazinamide should have baseline serum uric acid and liver function determinations. Those patients with preexisting liver disease or those at increased risk for drug related hepatitis (e.g., alcohol abusers) should be followed closely. Pyrazinamide should be discontinued and not be resumed if signs of hepatocellular damage or hyperuricemia accompanied by an acute gouty arthritis appear."],"pregnancy":["PREGNANCY Teratogenic Effects – Pregnancy Category C Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with pyrazinamide. It is also not known whether pyrazinamide can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Pyrazinamide should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed."],"overdosage":["OVERDOSAGE Overdosage experience is limited. In one case report of overdose, abnormal liver function tests developed. These spontaneously reverted to normal when the drug was stopped. Clinical monitoring and supportive therapy should be employed. Pyrazinamide is dialyzable. 13"],"references":["REFERENCES Drug Information, American Hospital Formulary Service . American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Bethesda, MD. 1991. USPDI, Drug Information for the Health Care Professional . United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Rockville, MD. 1991:1B:2226-2227. Goodman-Gilman A, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , ed 8. New York, Pergamon Press. 1990;1154. Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1986;134:363-368. Reynolds JEF, Parfitt K, Parsons AV, Sweetman SC. Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia , ed 29. London, The Pharmaceutical Press. 1989;569-570. Bioassay of pyrazinamide for possible carcinogenicity. National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series No. 48, 1978. Zerger E, Anderson B, Haworth S, Lawlor T, Mortelmans K, Speck W. Salmonella mutagenicity tests:III. Results from the testing of 255 chemicals. Environ Mutagen . 1987;9 (Suppl 9):1-109. Roman IC, Georgian L. Cytogenetic effects of some antituberculosis drugs in vitro. Mutation Research . 1977;48:215-224. Holdiness M. Antituberculosis drugs and breast-feeding. Arch Intern Med . 1984;144:1888. Turcios N, Evans H. Preventing and managing tuberculosis in children. J Resp Dis . 1989;10(6)(Jun):23. Starke JR. Multidrug therapy for tuberculosis in children. Pediatr Infec Dis J . 1990;9:785793. Specific requirements on content and format of labeling for human prescription drugs; proposed addition of \"geriatric use\" subsection in the labeling. Federal Register . 1990;55(212)(Nov 1):46134-46137. Stamathakis G, Montes C, Trouvin JH, et al. Pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic renal failure. Clinical Nephrology . 1988;30:230-234. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Manufactured by: Novitium Pharma, LLC 70 Lake Drive, East Windsor New Jersey 08520 Issued: 01/2021 LB4280-00"],"description":["DESCRIPTION Pyrazinamide, the pyrazine analogue of nicotinamide, is an antituberculous agent. It is a white crystalline powder, stable at room temperature, and sparingly soluble in water. Pyrazinamide has the following structural formula: Each pyrazinamide tablet for oral administration contains 500 mg of pyrazinamide and the following inactive ingredients: Corn Starch, Magnesium Stearate, Pregelatinized Starch and Stearic Acid. structure"],"precautions":["PRECAUTIONS GENERAL PRECAUTIONS Pyrazinamide inhibits renal excretion of urates, frequently resulting in hyperuricemia which is usually asymptomatic. If hyperuricemia is accompanied by acute gouty arthritis, pyrazinamide should be discontinued. Pyrazinamide should be used with caution in patients with a history of diabetes mellitus, as management may be more difficult. Primary resistance of M. tuberculosis to pyrazinamide is uncommon. In cases with known or suspected drug resistance, in vitro susceptibility tests with recent cultures of M. tuberculosis against pyrazinamide and the usual primary drugs should be performed. There are few reliable in vitro tests for pyrazinamide resistance. A reference laboratory capable of performing these studies must be employed. INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS Patients should be instructed to notify their physicians promptly if they experience any of the following: fever, loss of appetite, malaise, nausea and vomiting, darkened urine, yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes, pain or swelling of the joints. Compliance with the full course of therapy must be emphasized, and the importance of not missing any doses must be stressed. LABORATORY TESTS Baseline liver function studies [especially ALT (SGPT), AST (SGOT) determinations] and uric acid levels should be determined prior to therapy. Appropriate laboratory testing should be performed at periodic intervals and if any clinical signs or symptoms occur during therapy. DRUG & OR LABORATORY TEST INTERACTIONS Pyrazinamide has been reported to interfere with ACETEST ® and KETOSTIX ® urine tests to produce a pink-brown color. 5 CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY In lifetime bioassays in rats and mice, pyrazinamide was administered in the diet at concentrations of up to 10,000 ppm. This resulted in estimated daily doses for the mouse of 2 g/kg, or 40 times the maximum human dose, and for the rat of 0.5 g/kg, or 10 times the maximum human dose. Pyrazinamide was not carcinogenic in rats or male mice and no conclusion was possible for female mice due to insufficient numbers of surviving control mice. Pyrazinamide was not mutagenic in the Ames bacterial test, but induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte cell cultures. PREGNANCY Teratogenic Effects – Pregnancy Category C Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with pyrazinamide. It is also not known whether pyrazinamide can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Pyrazinamide should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. NURSING MOTHERS Pyrazinamide has been found in small amounts in breast milk. Therefore, it is advised that pyrazinamide be used with caution in nursing mothers taking into account the risk-benefit of this therapy. 9 PEDIATRIC USE Pyrazinamide regimens employed in adults are probably equally effective in pediatric patients. 4, 10, 11 Pyrazinamide appears to be well tolerated in pediatric patients. GERIATRIC USE Clinical studies of pyrazinamide did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic or renal function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. It does not appear that patients with impaired renal function require a reduction in dose. It may be prudent to select doses at the low end of the dosing range, however. 13"],"how_supplied":["HOW SUPPLIED Pyrazinamide Tablets, USP 500 mg are round, white, scored tablets, debossed \"N\" above the score and \"484\" below the score. NDC 70954-484-10 - Bottle of 60 NDC 70954-484-20 - Bottle of 90 NDC 70954-484-30 - Bottle of 100 NDC 70954-484-40 - Bottle of 500 Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure."],"geriatric_use":["GERIATRIC USE Clinical studies of pyrazinamide did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic or renal function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. It does not appear that patients with impaired renal function require a reduction in dose. It may be prudent to select doses at the low end of the dosing range, however. 13"],"pediatric_use":["PEDIATRIC USE Pyrazinamide regimens employed in adults are probably equally effective in pediatric patients. 4, 10, 11 Pyrazinamide appears to be well tolerated in pediatric patients."],"effective_time":"20260302","nursing_mothers":["NURSING MOTHERS Pyrazinamide has been found in small amounts in breast milk. Therefore, it is advised that pyrazinamide be used with caution in nursing mothers taking into account the risk-benefit of this therapy. 9"],"laboratory_tests":["LABORATORY TESTS Baseline liver function studies [especially ALT (SGPT), AST (SGOT) determinations] and uric acid levels should be determined prior to therapy. Appropriate laboratory testing should be performed at periodic intervals and if any clinical signs or symptoms occur during therapy."],"adverse_reactions":["ADVERSE REACTIONS General Fever, porphyria and dysuria have rarely been reported. Gout (see PRECAUTIONS ). Gastrointestinal The principal adverse effect is a hepatic reaction (see WARNINGS ). Hepatotoxicity appears to be dose related, and may appear at any time during therapy. GI disturbances including nausea, vomiting and anorexia have also been reported. Hematologic and Lymphatic Thrombocytopenia and sideroblastic anemia with erythroid hyperplasia, vacuolation of erythrocytes and increased serum iron concentration have occurred rarely with this drug. Adverse effects on blood clotting mechanisms have also been rarely reported. Other Mild arthralgia and myalgia have been reported frequently. Hypersensitivity reactions including rashes, urticaria, and pruritus have been reported. Fever, acne, photosensitivity, porphyria, dysuria and interstitial nephritis have been reported rarely."],"contraindications":["CONTRAINDICATIONS Pyrazinamide is contraindicated in persons: with severe hepatic damage. who have shown hypersensitivity to it. with acute gout."],"general_precautions":["GENERAL PRECAUTIONS Pyrazinamide inhibits renal excretion of urates, frequently resulting in hyperuricemia which is usually asymptomatic. If hyperuricemia is accompanied by acute gouty arthritis, pyrazinamide should be discontinued. Pyrazinamide should be used with caution in patients with a history of diabetes mellitus, as management may be more difficult. Primary resistance of M. tuberculosis to pyrazinamide is uncommon. In cases with known or suspected drug resistance, in vitro susceptibility tests with recent cultures of M. tuberculosis against pyrazinamide and the usual primary drugs should be performed. There are few reliable in vitro tests for pyrazinamide resistance. A reference laboratory capable of performing these studies must be employed."],"clinical_pharmacology":["CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Pyrazinamide is well absorbed from the GI tract and attains peak plasma concentrations within 2 hours. Plasma concentrations generally range from 30 to 50 mcg/mL with doses of 20 to 25 mg/kg. It is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids including the liver, lungs and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF concentration is approximately equal to concurrent steady-state plasma concentrations in patients with inflamed meninges. 1 Pyrazinamide is approximately 10% bound to plasma proteins. 2 The half-life (t 1/2 ) of pyrazinamide is 9 to 10 hours in patients with normal renal and hepatic function. The plasma half-life may be prolonged in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function. Pyrazinamide is hydrolyzed in the liver to its major active metabolite, pyrazinoic acid. Pyrazinoic acid is hydroxylated to the main excretory product, 5-hydroxypyrazinoic acid. 3 Approximately 70% of an oral dose is excreted in urine, mainly by glomerular filtration within 24 hours. 3 Pyrazinamide may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal against Mycobacterium tuberculosis depending on the concentration of the drug attained at the site of infection. The mechanism of action is unknown. In vitro and in vivo the drug is active only at a slightly acidic pH."],"indications_and_usage":["INDICATIONS & USAGE Pyrazinamide is indicated for the initial treatment of active tuberculosis in adults and children when combined with other antituberculous agents. (The current recommendation of the CDC for drug-susceptible disease is to use a six-month regimen for initial treatment of active tuberculosis, consisting of isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide given for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 months. *4 ) (Patients with drug-resistant disease should be treated with regimens individualized to their situation. Pyrazinamide frequently will be an important component of such therapy.) (In patients with concomitant HIV infection, the physician should be aware of current recommendations of CDC. It is possible these patients may require a longer course of treatment.) It is also indicated after treatment failure with other primary drugs in any form of active tuberculosis. Pyrazinamide should only be used in conjunction with other effective antituberculous agents. *See recommendations of Center for Disease Control (CDC) and American Thoracic Society for complete regimen and dosage recommendations. 4"],"information_for_patients":["INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS Patients should be instructed to notify their physicians promptly if they experience any of the following: fever, loss of appetite, malaise, nausea and vomiting, darkened urine, yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes, pain or swelling of the joints. Compliance with the full course of therapy must be emphasized, and the importance of not missing any doses must be stressed."],"dosage_and_administration":["DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION Pyrazinamide should always be administered with other effective antituberculous drugs. It is administered for the initial 2 months of a 6-month or longer treatment regimen for drug-susceptible patients. Patients who are known or suspected to have drug-resistant disease should be treated with regimens individualized to their situation. Pyrazinamide frequently will be an important component of such therapy. Patients with concomitant HIV infection may require longer courses of therapy. Physicians treating such patients should be alert to any revised recommendations from CDC for this group of patients. Usual dose: Pyrazinamide is administered orally, 15 to 30 mg/kg once daily. Older regimens employed 3 to 4 divided doses daily, but most current recommendations are for once a day. Three grams per day should not be exceeded. The CDC recommendations do not exceed 2 g per day when given as a daily regimen (see table). Alternatively, a twice weekly dosing regimen (50 to 70 mg/kg twice weekly based on lean body weight) has been developed to promote patient compliance with a regimen on an outpatient basis. In studies evaluating the twice weekly regimen, doses of pyrazinamide in excess of 3 g twice weekly have been administered. This exceeds the recommended maximum 3 g/daily dose. However, an increased incidence of adverse reactions has not been reported. The table is taken from the CDC-American Thoracic Society joint recommendations: 4 Recommended Drugs for the Initial Treatment of Tuberculosis in Children and Adults Drug Daily Dose* Maximal Daily Dose in Children and Adults Twice Weekly Dose Children Adults Children Adults Isoniazid 10 to 20 mg/kg PO or IM 5 mg/kg PO or IM 300 mg 20 to 40 mg/kg Max. 900 mg 15 mg/kg Max. 900 mg Rifampin 10 to 20 mg/kg PO 10 mg/kg PO 600 mg 10 to 20 mg/kg Max. 600 mg 10 mg/kg Max. 600 mg Pyrazinamide 15 to 30 mg/kg PO 15 to 30 mg/kg PO 2 g 50 to 70 mg/kg 50 to 70 mg/kg Streptomycin 20 to 40 mg/kg IM 15 mg/kg** IM 1 g** 25 to 30 mg/kg IM 25 to 30 mg/kg IM Ethambutol 15 to 25 mg/kg PO 15 to 25 mg/kg PO 2.5 g 50 mg/kg 50 mg/kg Definition of abbreviations: PO = perorally; IM = intramuscularly. * Doses based on weight should be adjusted as weight changes. **In persons older than 60 yrs of age the daily dose of streptomycin should be limited to 10 mg/kg with a maximal dose of 750 mg."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Pyrazinamide Pyrazinamide PYRAZINAMIDE PYRAZINAMIDE STARCH, CORN MAGNESIUM STEARATE STEARIC ACID N484"],"dosage_and_administration_table":["
Drug Daily Dose* Maximal Daily Dose in Children and Adults Twice Weekly Dose
Children Adults Children Adults
Isoniazid 10 to 20 mg/kg PO or IM 5 mg/kg PO or IM 300 mg 20 to 40 mg/kg Max. 900 mg 15 mg/kg Max. 900 mg
Rifampin 10 to 20 mg/kg PO 10 mg/kg PO 600 mg 10 to 20 mg/kg Max. 600 mg 10 mg/kg Max. 600 mg
Pyrazinamide 15 to 30 mg/kg PO 15 to 30 mg/kg PO 2 g 50 to 70 mg/kg 50 to 70 mg/kg
Streptomycin 20 to 40 mg/kg IM 15 mg/kg** IM 1 g** 25 to 30 mg/kg IM 25 to 30 mg/kg IM
Ethambutol 15 to 25 mg/kg PO 15 to 25 mg/kg PO 2.5 g 50 mg/kg 50 mg/kg
"],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL Pyrazinamide Tablets, USP 500 mg 70954-484-10 - Bottle of 60 Pyrazinamide Tablets, USP 500 mg 70954-484-20 - Bottle of 90 Pyrazinamide Tablets, USP 500 mg 70954-484-30 - Bottle of 100 container-60 container-90 container-100"],"drug_and_or_laboratory_test_interactions":["DRUG & OR LABORATORY TEST INTERACTIONS Pyrazinamide has been reported to interfere with ACETEST ® and KETOSTIX ® urine tests to produce a pink-brown color. 5"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY In lifetime bioassays in rats and mice, pyrazinamide was administered in the diet at concentrations of up to 10,000 ppm. This resulted in estimated daily doses for the mouse of 2 g/kg, or 40 times the maximum human dose, and for the rat of 0.5 g/kg, or 10 times the maximum human dose. Pyrazinamide was not carcinogenic in rats or male mice and no conclusion was possible for female mice due to insufficient numbers of surviving control mice. Pyrazinamide was not mutagenic in the Ames bacterial test, but induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte cell cultures."]},"tags":[{"label":"Antimycobacterial","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Cytochrome P450 3A4","category":"target"},{"label":"CYP3A4","category":"gene"},{"label":"CA2","category":"gene"},{"label":"CYP3A5","category":"gene"},{"label":"J04AK01","category":"atc"},{"label":"Oral","category":"route"},{"label":"Tablet","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Mature","category":"status"},{"label":"Acute tuberculosis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Pulmonary tuberculosis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Tuberculosis of meninges","category":"indication"},{"label":"Dava Pharms Inc","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1970s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Infective Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antitubercular Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"DRUG REACTION WITH EOSINOPHILIA AND SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"665 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"639 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PYREXIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"590 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INTERACTION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"564 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PARADOXICAL DRUG REACTION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"503 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"OFF LABEL USE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"489 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"VOMITING","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"472 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"465 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"TUBERCULOSIS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"391 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"NAUSEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"390 reports"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Hepatotoxicity","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Thrombocytopenia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Sideroblastic anemia with erythroid hyperplasia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Vacuolation of erythrocytes","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Increased serum iron concentration","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Adverse effects on blood clotting mechanisms","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Gout","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Fever","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Porphyria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Dysuria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Vomiting","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Anorexia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"GI disturbances","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Mild arthralgia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Myalgia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Rashes","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Urticaria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Pruritis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Acne","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Photosensitivity","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Interstitial nephritis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"}],"contraindications":["Acute hepatic failure","Acute hepatitis","Acute nephropathy","Alcoholism","Anemia due to enzyme deficiency","Chronic Hepatic Disease","Diabetes mellitus","Diabetic - poor control","Diabetic peripheral neuropathy","Disease of liver","Gout","Hepatic failure","Jaundice","Nutritional disorder","Peripheral nerve disease","Porphyria","Prolonged-Severe Nausea and Vomiting","Slow acetylator due to N-acetyltransferase enzyme variant"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Pyrazinamide should be given to pregnant woman only if clearly needed.","Geriatric use":"In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic or renal function","Paediatric use":"Pyrazinamide regimens employed in adults are probably equally effective in children. Pyrazinamide appears to be well tolerated in children.","Hepatic impairment":"decreased hepatic or renal function"}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Dava Pharms Inc","patents":[],"pricing":[{"market":"United States","source":"CMS National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC)","asOfDate":"2024-04-17","unitCost":"$2.8177/EA","priceType":"NADAC","sourceUrl":"https://data.medicaid.gov/dataset/4j6z-xnwq","annualCost":"$1,028","description":"PYRAZINAMIDE 500 MG TABLET","retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=PYRAZINAMIDE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:42.313087+00:00"},"aiSummary":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"AI Strategic Summary","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"ai_extraction","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:21:12.747537+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:49.493855+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:40.931584+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=PYRAZINAMIDE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:50.778618+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:39.265464+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:39.265527+00:00"},"indications.approved":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:21:06.856694+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:39.265544+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:52.282139+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: 70S ribosome inhibitor","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:51.351474+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL614/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:51.239671+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"ANDA080157","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:20:39.265553+00:00"}},"allNames":["pyrazinecarboxamide","pyrazinamide","2-pyrazinecarboxamide","pyramizade","alpha-pyrazinamide","zinamide"],"offLabel":[],"synonyms":["pyrazinecarboxamide","pyrazinamide","2-pyrazinecarboxamide","pyramizade","alpha-pyrazinamide","zinamide"],"timeline":[{"date":"1971-06-03","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Dava Pharms Inc)"}],"aiSummary":"Pyrazinamide, marketed by Dava Pharms Inc, is a first-line antituberculosis agent used for the initial treatment of active tuberculosis. Its key strength lies in its mechanism of action, which effectively inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, making it an essential component in combination therapy. The primary risk is the upcoming key patent expiry in 2028, which could lead to increased competition from generics.","approvals":[{"date":"1971-06-03","orphan":false,"company":"DAVA PHARMS INC","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Pyrazinamide","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Acute tuberculosis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"aminosalicylic acid","slug":"aminosalicylic-acid","company":"Consolidated Midland"},{"name":"capreomycin","slug":"capreomycin","company":"Akorn"},{"name":"cycloserine","slug":"cycloserine","company":"Purdue Gmp"},{"name":"ethambutol","slug":"ethambutol","company":"Sti Pharma Llc"}],"globalPrevalence":1280000},{"indication":"Pulmonary tuberculosis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"aminosalicylic acid","slug":"aminosalicylic-acid","company":"Consolidated Midland"},{"name":"bedaquiline","slug":"bedaquiline","company":"Janssen Therap"},{"name":"capreomycin","slug":"capreomycin","company":"Akorn"},{"name":"cycloserine","slug":"cycloserine","company":"Purdue 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