{"id":"protoporphyrin","rwe":[{"pmid":"41897433","year":"2026","title":"THC and CBD Induce Heme Oxygenase-1-Dependent Cell Death and Trigger Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Melanoma and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells.","finding":"","journal":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41892346","year":"2026","title":"CISAT, a CoPP-Induced lncRNA, Improves Cardiac Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Survival and Myocardial Repair via SFPQ/NRF2/p38 Redox Regulation.","finding":"","journal":"Cells","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41891138","year":"2026","title":"Infrared Photobiomodulation Modulates PpIX Production After Topical Methyl Aminolevulinate in Normal Human Skin: An Exploratory Study.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of biophotonics","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41889204","year":"2026","title":"Hydroxyaldehyde and formyl photoproducts of protoporphyrin IX formed under photodynamic diagnosis and therapy irradiation conditions.","finding":"","journal":"Photochemistry and photobiology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41882330","year":"2026","title":"Exploiting endogenous Protoporphyrin IX for Photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of fluorescence","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Dermatologic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Photosensitizing Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Radiation-Sensitizing Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"unknown","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":["Protoporphyrin IX","protoporphyrin","protoporphyrinprotoporphyrin disodium"],"offLabel":[],"synonyms":["Protoporphyrin IX","protoporphyrin","protoporphyrinprotoporphyrin disodium"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Cytoplasmic zinc-finger protein, Zinc finger protein mex-5","modality":"Small Molecule","explanation":"Imagine a key that fits into a lock. Protoporphyrin is like that key, but instead of unlocking a door, it binds to a specific molecule in the body. This binding can either activate or inhibit the molecule's function, depending on the specific target and the desired therapeutic effect.","oneSentence":"Protoporphyrin works by binding to a specific target, although its exact mechanism of action is currently unknown.","technicalDetail":"Protoporphyrin's mechanism of action is thought to involve the binding of the molecule to a specific protein or receptor, although the exact details of this interaction are currently unknown."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/3500","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=protoporphyrin","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=protoporphyrin","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T15:31:02.236723","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"apomorphine","drugSlug":"apomorphine","fdaApproval":"2004-04-20","patentExpiry":"Jun 11, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"cefdinir","drugSlug":"cefdinir","fdaApproval":"1997-12-04","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"doxycycline","drugSlug":"doxycycline","fdaApproval":"1967-12-05","patentExpiry":"Dec 19, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"hexachlorophene","drugSlug":"hexachlorophene","fdaApproval":"1949-04-19","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"masoprocol","drugSlug":"masoprocol","fdaApproval":"1992-09-04","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"methysergide","drugSlug":"methysergide","fdaApproval":"1962-02-12","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"protoporphyrin","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"apomorphine","brandName":"apomorphine","genericName":"apomorphine","approvalYear":"2004","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"cefdinir","brandName":"cefdinir","genericName":"cefdinir","approvalYear":"1997","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"doxycycline","brandName":"doxycycline","genericName":"doxycycline","approvalYear":"1967","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"hexachlorophene","brandName":"hexachlorophene","genericName":"hexachlorophene","approvalYear":"1949","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"masoprocol","brandName":"masoprocol","genericName":"masoprocol","approvalYear":"1992","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"methysergide","brandName":"methysergide","genericName":"methysergide","approvalYear":"1962","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05923060","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Imaging Techniques to Monitor Photosensitizer and sO2 Levels During Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratoses","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Case Comprehensive Cancer Center","startDate":"2024-08-25","conditions":["Actinic Keratoses"],"enrollment":14,"completionDate":"2025-10-31"},{"nctId":"NCT07420543","phase":"","title":"Clinical Significance of Liquid Biopsy in Brain Tumor Patients: a 5-ALA Guided Approach","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. 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Its commercial status is unclear, and it has not been approved by the FDA for any indications. As a result, there is limited information available on its pharmacokinetic properties, such as half-life and bioavailability. Protoporphyrin's mechanism of action and safety considerations are also unknown. Further research is needed to determine its potential therapeutic applications and risks.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":true,"score":2}}