{"id":"proton-pump-inhibitor","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Diarrhea"},{"rate":"2-5","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"2-5","effect":"Abdominal pain"},{"rate":"13-25","effect":"Hypomagnesemia (with long-term use)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Vitamin B12 deficiency (with long-term use)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"PPIs irreversibly inhibit the proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase), the final step in gastric acid production. This dramatically reduces intragastric pH and acid-related damage to the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. They are used to treat and prevent acid reflux, ulcers, and related conditions.","oneSentence":"Proton pump inhibitors block the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells, reducing gastric acid secretion.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:03:14.079Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor","title":"Proton-pump inhibitor","extract":"Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of medications that cause a profound and prolonged reduction of stomach acid production. They do so by irreversibly inhibiting the stomach's H+/K+ ATPase proton pump. The body eventually synthesizes new proton pumps to replace the irreversibly inhibited ones—a process driven by normal cellular turnover, which gradually restores acid production."},"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)"},{"name":"Peptic ulcer disease"},{"name":"Zollinger-Ellison syndrome"},{"name":"Prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05556824","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Multi-Center Study of Panosyl-Isomaltooligosaccharides Adjunctive to PPI Therapy to Treat GERD","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Microbiome Health Sciences","startDate":"2023-03-03","conditions":"Gastroesophageal Reflux","enrollment":247},{"nctId":"NCT07312370","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Esomeprazole Plus Sucralfate for Post-ESD Ulcer Healing","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"LanZhou University","startDate":"2026-04-20","conditions":"Early Gastric Cancer, Gastric Dysplasia, Gastric 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