{"id":"proparacaine-ophthalmic","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Corneal epithelial toxicity with prolonged use"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Transient stinging or burning upon instillation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Allergic conjunctivitis"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Mydriasis"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Proparacaine reversibly inhibits sodium influx through nerve cell membranes, preventing depolarization and conduction of pain impulses. This topical anesthetic effect is localized to the ocular surface and anterior structures, providing rapid onset of anesthesia suitable for ophthalmic procedures and diagnostic examinations.","oneSentence":"Proparacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes to prevent pain signal transmission in the eye.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:03:01.397Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Topical anesthesia for ophthalmic procedures and examinations"},{"name":"Corneal anesthesia for diagnostic procedures"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07456826","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Chloroprocaine HCl Ophthalmic Gel 3% vs Proparacaine Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% Plus Subconjunctival Lidocaine in Patients Undergoing Intravitreal Injections","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Harrow Inc","startDate":"2026-04","conditions":"Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Retinal Vein Occlusion","enrollment":236},{"nctId":"NCT06636708","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Nanodropper-mediated Topical Anesthetic","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Columbia University","startDate":"2024-12-12","conditions":"Corneal Diseases, Effectiveness of Microdrops","enrollment":56},{"nctId":"NCT04838223","phase":"","title":"Neurosensory Abnormalities in SymptomAtic Ocular Surface Patients (NASA)","status":"SUSPENDED","sponsor":"Tufts Medical Center","startDate":"2021-07-02","conditions":"Dry Eye, Neuropathic Pain","enrollment":1000},{"nctId":"NCT07088705","phase":"NA","title":"Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Therapy (SML) in Retinitis Pigmentosa","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"Marta P. Wiącek","startDate":"2024-09-01","conditions":"Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03733899","phase":"NA","title":"An Investigation of the Impact of Localized Topical Anesthesia of the Ocular Surface on End-of-day Contact Lens Discomfort","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc.","startDate":"2018-11-07","conditions":"Visual Acuity","enrollment":22},{"nctId":"NCT03560609","phase":"NA","title":"Optic Nerve Head Structural Response to IOP Elevation in Patients With Keratoconus","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"NYU Langone Health","startDate":"2018-11-15","conditions":"Keratoconus, Glaucoma","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT06393855","phase":"NA","title":"Base Curves of Bandage Contact Lenses and Their Effects on Post Trans-PRK Vision and Pain","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Dongyang People's Hospital","startDate":"2024-06-18","conditions":"Myopia","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT02528123","phase":"NA","title":"VisuMax Femtosecond Laser Small Incision Lenticule Extraction for the Correction of High Myopia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"London Vision Clinic","startDate":"2016-04","conditions":"Myopia, Refractive Errors","enrollment":114},{"nctId":"NCT05325853","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study of Safety and the Local Anesthetic Effect of AG-920 Ophthalmic Solution in a Pediatric Population","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"American Genomics, LLC","startDate":"2022-04-06","conditions":"Anesthesia, Local","enrollment":61},{"nctId":"NCT04052841","phase":"NA","title":"Morphological Analysis of Meibomian Glands","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University","startDate":"2020-10-12","conditions":"Meibomian Gland Dysfunction","enrollment":180},{"nctId":"NCT02951351","phase":"NA","title":"Topical Proparacaine Eye Drops to Improve the Experience of Patients Undergoing Intravitreal Injections","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2016-10-12","conditions":"Age-related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Macular Edema, Injection Site","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT05238233","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Wearing-Off Period of Pharmacological Dilation and Anisocoria","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Prisma Health-Upstate","startDate":"2022-04-01","conditions":"Anisocoria","enrollment":11},{"nctId":"NCT04229771","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Does Topical Ophthalmic Anesthetic Prior to Probing and Irrigation Decrease Pain?","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Corewell Health East","startDate":"2020-06-30","conditions":"Epiphora, Dacryostenosis, Dacryocystitis","enrollment":2},{"nctId":"NCT05663684","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Does Topical Ophthalmic Proparacaine 0.5% Prior to Probing and Irrigation Decrease Pain?","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans","startDate":"2020-06-30","conditions":"Epiphora, Dacryostenosis, Dacryocystitis","enrollment":145},{"nctId":"NCT02688309","phase":"","title":"Pro-permeability and Pro-fibrosis Factors in the Aqueous of Patients With Retinal Diseases","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins University","startDate":"2015-01-13","conditions":"Macular Edema, Fibrosis of the Retina","enrollment":44},{"nctId":"NCT05241938","phase":"NA","title":"PSLT Compared to Prostaglandin Analogue Eye Drops","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul","startDate":"2021-09-01","conditions":"Open Angle Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT05225597","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Intracameral Carbachol and Epinephrine on Choroidal Thickness","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ordu University","startDate":"2021-01-01","conditions":"Epinephrine Toxicity, Cataract, Carbachol Adverse Reaction","enrollment":81},{"nctId":"NCT05218317","phase":"","title":"Evaluation of Relapse Presence in Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Marmara University","startDate":"2021-01-01","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Multiple Sclerosis Relapse","enrollment":87},{"nctId":"NCT05145959","phase":"NA","title":"Meibomian Gland Probing in the Sub-Acute Phase of Patients With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary","startDate":"2021-12-01","conditions":"Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolyses, Ocular Surface Disease","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT04283331","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Anesthetic Impregnated Bandage Soft Contact Lens (BSCL) in Pain Management After Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Beeran Meghpara, MD","startDate":"2020-06-01","conditions":"Myopia, Hypermetropia, Refractive Errors","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT01738243","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Hyaluronic Acid Gels for Upper Lid Retraction in Active Stage Thyroid Eye Disease","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of California, Los Angeles","startDate":"2013-12","conditions":"Thyroid Eye Disease","enrollment":2},{"nctId":"NCT00748059","phase":"PHASE1","title":"The Pathophysiology of Orthostatic Hypotension","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","startDate":"1996-12","conditions":"Autonomic Nervous System Diseases, Orthostatic Hypotension, Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT03672435","phase":"","title":"Strabismus Recovery With Proparacaine and Oculocardiac Reflex","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Alaska Blind Child Discovery","startDate":"2010-07-29","conditions":"Strabismus, Bradycardia, Nausea","enrollment":140},{"nctId":"NCT00769392","phase":"NA","title":"Pilot Study: A Randomized Trial Of Anesthetic Agents For Intravitreal Injection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Lahey Clinic","startDate":"2008-09","conditions":"Macular Degeneration","enrollment":28},{"nctId":"NCT04242719","phase":"NA","title":"Management of Deep Retinal Capillary Ischemia by Electromagnetic Stimulation and Platelet- Rich Plasma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ankara Universitesi Teknokent","startDate":"2018-01-01","conditions":"Deep Retinal Capillary Ischemia, Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy, Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy","enrollment":28},{"nctId":"NCT00633854","phase":"","title":"High-frequency-ultrasound Annular Arrays for Ophthalmic Imaging","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Weill Medical College of Cornell University","startDate":"2008-02","conditions":"Posterior Vitreous Detachment","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT01518842","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Intravitreal Bone Marrow Stem Cells on Ischemic Retinopathy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo","startDate":"2011-09","conditions":"Ischemia","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT02613013","phase":"NA","title":"Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Plus Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty for Primary Angle Closure","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Sun Yat-sen University","startDate":"2015-10","conditions":"Glaucoma, Angle-Closure","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT03080077","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Corneal Crosslinking (CXL): Keratoconus and Post-Refractive Ectasia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","startDate":"2016-06","conditions":"Keratoconus, Ectasia","enrollment":8},{"nctId":"NCT02955524","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Topical Anesthesia and Intra-arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"University of Miami","startDate":"2018-03","conditions":"Hemodynamic Instability","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT01560715","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation For Retinitis Pigmentosa","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo","startDate":"2011-06","conditions":"Retinitis Pigmentosa","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT03016234","phase":"NA","title":"IOP Changes With Different Anesthetic Agents During Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Saint Vincent's Hospital, Korea","startDate":"2016-09-29","conditions":"Intraocular Pressure","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02925832","phase":"NA","title":"Comparing Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in DTFNB Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Phacoemulsification","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Government Medical College, Haldwani","startDate":"2016-10","conditions":"Cataract Unilateral Pending Extraction, Anesthesia","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT01432834","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy of the Wavefront Optimized (WFO) Profile in Non-anterior Astigmatisms","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Democritus University of Thrace","startDate":"2010-04","conditions":"Astigmatism","enrollment":74},{"nctId":"NCT02895074","phase":"NA","title":"Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness After Surgery for Age-related Cataracts","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sun Yat-sen University","startDate":"2014-08","conditions":"Cataract","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02405884","phase":"NA","title":"Intraocular Pressure and Hemodialysis Midwestern Brazil","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"VER Excelência em Oftalmologia","startDate":"2014-01","conditions":"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Glaucoma","enrollment":39},{"nctId":"NCT02263690","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparison of Three Different Anesthetic Approaches for Intravitreal Injections","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Retina Clinic, Sao Paulo, Brazil","startDate":"2014-06","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":92},{"nctId":"NCT00487643","phase":"","title":"Normal Lacritin Levels in Human Tears- Development of a New Clinical Assay","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Walter Reed Army Medical Center","startDate":"2008-05","conditions":"Tear Protein Lacritin in Human Tears","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT01640171","phase":"NA","title":"Anesthesia Preference for Intravitreal Injection: Topical or Subconjunctival","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Retina Vitreous Associates of Florida","startDate":"2012-07","conditions":"Age-related Macular Degeneration, Central Retinal Vein Occlusion, Diabetic Macular Edema","enrollment":57},{"nctId":"NCT01811979","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy of Oral Sucrose and Topical Anesthetics to Reduce Pain During Eye Examination for Retinopathy of Prematurity","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital","startDate":"2012-04","conditions":"Investigate the Efficacy of Sucrose During Eye Examination","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT01266824","phase":"NA","title":"Proparacaine and Mydriatic Eye Drops","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","startDate":"2010-12","conditions":"Pain, Retinopathy of Prematurity","enrollment":5},{"nctId":"NCT01087489","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Patient Comfort After Two Anesthetic Protocols for Injections Into the Eye","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Miami VA Healthcare System","startDate":"2010-04","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":53},{"nctId":"NCT01554761","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Posterior Corneal Toricity on Refractive Outcome of Pseudophakia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"China Medical University, China","startDate":"2012-02","conditions":"Astigmatism, Cataract","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT01411384","phase":"NA","title":"Evaluation of Corneal Hysteresis and Corneal Resistance Factor After Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Democritus University of Thrace","startDate":"2008-04","conditions":"Progressive Keratoconus","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT01068561","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation For Retinitis Pigmentosa","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo","startDate":"2009-05","conditions":"Retinitis Pigmentosa","enrollment":5},{"nctId":"NCT01126203","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Randomized Prospective Study of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) Versus Argon Trabeculoplasty (ALT) in Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Calgary","startDate":"2006-09","conditions":"Exfoliation Syndrome, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT01027611","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Patient Assessment of Topical Anesthetic Effectiveness for Intravitreal Injections","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Illinois Retina Associates","startDate":"2009-10","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT00612261","phase":"NA","title":"Sheathotomy vs. Intravitreal Triamcinolone for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2006-10","conditions":"Macular Edema, Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion","enrollment":40}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":3,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Proparacaine","proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5%"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Proparacaine Ophthalmic","genericName":"Proparacaine Ophthalmic","companyName":"American Genomics, LLC","companyId":"american-genomics-llc","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Proparacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes to prevent pain signal transmission in the eye. Used for Topical anesthesia for ophthalmic procedures and examinations, Corneal anesthesia for diagnostic procedures.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}