{"id":"preservative-free-epidural-morphine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"30-50","effect":"Pruritus"},{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Nausea and vomiting"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Urinary retention"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Respiratory depression"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Headache"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Morphine is a mu-opioid receptor agonist that acts on opioid receptors in the central nervous system. When administered epidurally, it reaches opioid receptors in the spinal cord at lower systemic doses than oral or intravenous administration, providing potent analgesia with reduced systemic side effects. The preservative-free formulation minimizes neurotoxicity and irritation to neural tissue.","oneSentence":"Morphine binds to opioid receptors in the spinal cord and brain to block pain signal transmission and provide analgesia.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:02:33.019Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Acute postoperative pain"},{"name":"Chronic cancer pain"},{"name":"Chronic non-cancer pain"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03715517","phase":"NA","title":"Spinal Anesthesia For Enhanced Recovery After Liver Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Manitoba","startDate":"2018-10-04","conditions":"Hepatectomy, Pain, Postoperative, Liver Neoplasms","enrollment":128},{"nctId":"NCT06617949","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Evaluating Pain Control Strategies in Postpartum Patients on Opioid Use Disorder Medications.","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Medical College of Wisconsin","startDate":"2025-01-16","conditions":"Substance Use Disorder (SUD)","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT05017246","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Comparing Intrathecal Morphine and Intraoperative Lidocaine Infusion to Epidural Anesthesia With Postoperative PCA for Patients Undergoing Exploratory Laparotomy","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Washington University School of Medicine","startDate":"2022-01-18","conditions":"Cancer Debulking, Enlarged Uterus, Fibroid Uterus","enrollment":110},{"nctId":"NCT06935708","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Intrathecal Morphine Versus Epidural Analgesia for Open Colon Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Meri Mirceta","startDate":"2025-04-08","conditions":"Colorectal Carcinoma, Analgesia, Postoperative, Laparotomy","enrollment":98},{"nctId":"NCT06881563","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Intrathecal Morphine Versus Epidural Analgesia for Laparoscopic Colon Surgery","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Meri Mirceta","startDate":"2025-03","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Analgesia, Colorectal Cancer","enrollment":98},{"nctId":"NCT04316871","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Dosage of Epidural Morphine in Elderly Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2020-03-20","conditions":"Age Problem, Abdominal Cancer","enrollment":96},{"nctId":"NCT02473276","phase":"PHASE4","title":"2 Dose Neuraxial Morphine for Prevention of PDPH","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Columbia University","startDate":"2015-09","conditions":"Postdural Puncture Headache","enrollment":44},{"nctId":"NCT06206044","phase":"","title":"Evaluation of the Typical Spinal Block During Cesarean Delivery","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"Oregon Health and Science University","startDate":"2024-06-10","conditions":"Cesarean Section, Anesthesia, Obstetric","enrollment":250},{"nctId":"NCT04017442","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Neuraxial Preservative Free Morphine for Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","startDate":"2019-10-19","conditions":"Postpartum Pain, Postpartum Depression, Opioid Consumption","enrollment":160},{"nctId":"NCT03539796","phase":"NA","title":"Epidural Technique: Does it Really Matter to the Patient?","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Emory University","startDate":"2018-05-26","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":57},{"nctId":"NCT01362998","phase":"NA","title":"Epidural Morphine Versus Epidural Fentanyl Infusion Following Cesarean Section","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Goodman, Evan, M.D.","startDate":"2011-01","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":2},{"nctId":"NCT05327088","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Epidural Dexmedetomidine vs Nalbuphine for Labor Analgesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ain Shams University","startDate":"2021-09-12","conditions":"Epidural Anesthesia, Labor Pain","enrollment":64},{"nctId":"NCT03525509","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Epidural Methadone in Healthy Volunteers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"simon.haroutounian","startDate":"2018-06-04","conditions":"Pain, Acute","enrollment":13},{"nctId":"NCT03007121","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Intrathecal Morphine Analgesia vs. Continuous Epidural Analgesia vs. Systemic Analgesia in Colorectal Surgery.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Charles University, Czech Republic","startDate":"2017-04-10","conditions":"Analgesia, Patient-Controlled, Epidural Analgesia, Anesthesia; 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