{"id":"placebo-vehicle-control","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[]},"_chembl":null,"company":"Topaz Pharmaceuticals Inc","_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Placebo, vehicle control","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T02:39:45.000415+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T02:39:50.581370+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Placebo, vehicle control","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T02:39:50.935083+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL2108661/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T02:39:51.785180+00:00"}},"timeline":[],"_dailymed":null,"aiSummary":"Topaz Pharmaceuticals Inc's marketed drug, Placebo, vehicle control, has 100 trials and 14 publications. It is used for Placebo, vehicle control indications. The drug's clinical differentiation and commercial significance are not specified. There are no pipeline developments mentioned. The drug's mechanism is unknown.","isGeneric":true,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Placebo is a vehicle control formulation containing no active pharmaceutical ingredient. It is used in clinical trials as a comparator to distinguish genuine drug efficacy from placebo response, natural disease course, and observer bias. Any therapeutic effects observed with placebo are attributed to psychological expectation, natural recovery, or regression to the mean rather than direct molecular action.","oneSentence":"Placebo has no active pharmacological mechanism and serves as an inert control to establish baseline disease progression and assess non-specific treatment effects.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:01:34.793Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"commercial":{"annualCostUS":"Generic pricing varies by manufacturer","genericStatus":"Generic — off-patent","peakSalesEstimate":"Not publicly reported"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Placebo%2C%20vehicle%20control","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Placebo, vehicle control","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/","fields":["molecular"],"source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/","fields":["regulatoryStatus"],"source":"European Medicines Agency (EMA)"},{"id":5,"url":"https://list.essentialmeds.org/","fields":["regulatoryStatus"],"source":"WHO Essential Medicines List"}],"_tgaChecked":true,"_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T02:39:53.378940+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"_whoChecked":true,"competitors":[{"name":"Xanax","company":"Pfizer","advantage":"Effective for anxiety and panic disorders, with a rapid onset of action.","genericName":"alprazolam"},{"name":"Prozac","company":"Eli Lilly and Company","advantage":"Widely used for depression and anxiety disorders, with a well-established safety profile.","genericName":"fluoxetine"},{"name":"Zoloft","company":"Pfizer","advantage":"Effective for a range of conditions including depression, anxiety, and OCD, with fewer side effects compared to older antidepressants.","genericName":"sertraline"},{"name":"Ativan","company":"Wyeth Pharmaceuticals","advantage":"Rapidly effective for anxiety and insomnia, often used in acute settings.","genericName":"lorazepam"}],"genericName":"placebo, vehicle control","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Clinical trial control (not a therapeutic indication)"}]},"_mhraChecked":true,"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06493578","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of VYN201 Gel in Subjects With Non-segmental Vitiligo.","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Vyne Therapeutics Inc.","startDate":"2024-06-04","conditions":"Non-segmental Vitiligo","enrollment":205},{"nctId":"NCT07532330","phase":"NA","title":"Tyrosine Vs Tacrolimus With NB-UVB in Vitiligo","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Minia University","startDate":"2025-08-01","conditions":"Vitiligo","enrollment":67},{"nctId":"NCT06352541","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Study Evaluating PRO-232 an Ophthalmic Solution Compared to Placebo.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Laboratorios Sophia S.A de C.V.","startDate":"2024-02-08","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":28},{"nctId":"NCT05356793","phase":"PHASE2","title":"The Efficacy Of SCH1 In The Treatment Of Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sacsh","startDate":"2021-03-01","conditions":"Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis (Disorder)","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT05241067","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Multicentric, Randomized Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Centhaquine in Patients With ARDS","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Pharmazz, Inc.","startDate":"2026-05","conditions":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT06891040","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of VC005 in Adult Subjects With Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Jiangsu vcare pharmaceutical technology co., LTD","startDate":"2025-04-28","conditions":"Atopic Dermatitis","enrollment":118},{"nctId":"NCT04685577","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Nefopam Cream in Burn Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Alberta","startDate":"2022-07-10","conditions":"Burn; Multiple Body Regions, Max. 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