{"id":"placebo-to-interferon-beta-1a","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"40-60","effect":"Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, myalgia)"},{"rate":"30-50","effect":"Injection site reactions"},{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Elevated liver enzymes"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Lymphopenia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Depression"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1201562","moleculeType":"Protein"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Interferon beta-1a is a recombinant cytokine that binds to interferon-beta receptors on immune cells, triggering intracellular signaling cascades that enhance natural killer cell activity, increase antigen presentation, and promote anti-inflammatory cytokine production. This mechanism helps suppress autoreactive T cells and reduce demyelination in multiple sclerosis by shifting the immune response toward a more regulatory phenotype.","oneSentence":"Interferon beta-1a activates interferon signaling pathways to modulate immune responses and reduce inflammatory activity.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:28:36.986Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis"},{"name":"Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01892722","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Fingolimod in Pediatric Patients With Multiple Sclerosis","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2013-07-26","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT00676715","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Ocrelizumab in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Genentech, Inc.","startDate":"2008-07-17","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting","enrollment":220},{"nctId":"NCT04315948","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Trial of Treatments for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France","startDate":"2020-03-22","conditions":"Corona Virus Infection","enrollment":1552},{"nctId":"NCT06510426","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Early Interferon-beta Treatment for West-Nile Virus Infection","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center","startDate":"2024-07-14","conditions":"West Nile Virus, West Nile Fever Encephalitis, West Nile Fever Myelitis","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT04183491","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers to Support Biosimilar Development: Interferon Beta-1A Products","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","startDate":"2020-02-28","conditions":"Healthy Subjects, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics","enrollment":84},{"nctId":"NCT01412333","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study of Ocrelizumab in Comparison With Interferon Beta-1a (Rebif) in Participants With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hoffmann-La Roche","startDate":"2011-09-20","conditions":"Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":835},{"nctId":"NCT01247324","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study of Ocrelizumab in Comparison With Interferon Beta-1a (Rebif) in Participants With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hoffmann-La Roche","startDate":"2011-08-31","conditions":"Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":821},{"nctId":"NCT04079088","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study to Evaluate Oral BIIB061 Added to Interferon-beta1 (IFN-β1) or Glatiramer Acetate in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS)","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2021-06-30","conditions":"Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03570359","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study to Test a Potential New Treatment for COPD Patients Suffering From the Common Cold or Influenza","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Synairgen Research Ltd.","startDate":"2018-01-29","conditions":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)","enrollment":122},{"nctId":"NCT00605215","phase":"PHASE3","title":"BRAVO Study: Laquinimod Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study in Participants With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) With a Rater Blinded Reference Arm of Interferon β-1a (Avonex®)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.","startDate":"2008-04-24","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":1331},{"nctId":"NCT04492475","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial 3 (ACTT-3)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2020-08-05","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":969},{"nctId":"NCT02744222","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Comparative Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerance of BCD-054 and Avonex® for Treatment of Patients With Remitting-relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Biocad","startDate":"2017-08-10","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting","enrollment":399},{"nctId":"NCT04032171","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of Evobrutinib in Participants With RMS","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.","startDate":"2019-09-10","conditions":"Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":1},{"nctId":"NCT04032158","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of Evobrutinib in Participants With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.","startDate":"2019-08-26","conditions":"Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT00725985","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Oral Cladribine in Early Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.","startDate":"2008-12-31","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":617},{"nctId":"NCT02047734","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety Study of Ozanimod in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Celgene","startDate":"2013-12-03","conditions":"Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":1320},{"nctId":"NCT00986960","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Effect of Adrenocorticotropin Injection With Weekly Interferon Beta in Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"University at Buffalo","startDate":"2009-12","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02294058","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of Ozanimod (RPC1063) in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Celgene","startDate":"2014-12-03","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":1346},{"nctId":"NCT00436826","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Phase 2 Study of Cladribine Add-on to Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Subjects With Active Disease (ONWARD)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc.","startDate":"2006-11-30","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":172},{"nctId":"NCT04350671","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Interferon Beta 1a in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2020-04-15","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT04350684","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Umifenovir in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2020-04-15","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03387046","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Pilot Study in Participants With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RR-MS)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany","startDate":"2018-03-26","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting","enrollment":7},{"nctId":"NCT02491684","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study in Asthma Patients to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of 14 Days Once Daily Inhaled Interferon Beta-1a After the Onset of Symptoms of an Upper Respiratory Tract Infection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"AstraZeneca","startDate":"2015-07-21","conditions":"Asthma","enrollment":121},{"nctId":"NCT01514370","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dietary Supplement of Curcumin in Subjects With Active Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Subcutaneous Interferon Beta 1a","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany","startDate":"2012-04-30","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT01198132","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Multicentre Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Supplementary Treatment With Cholecalciferol in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Subcutaneous Interferon Beta-1a 44 µg 3 Times Weekly","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany","startDate":"2009-11","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":129},{"nctId":"NCT00340834","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis With Optional Extension Phase","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Novartis","startDate":"2006-05","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":1292},{"nctId":"NCT00179478","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Long Term Study of Avonex Therapy Following a First Attack of Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","startDate":"2001-02","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Optic Neuritis, Transverse Myelitis","enrollment":155},{"nctId":"NCT01864148","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of BIIB033 in Participants With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis When Used Concurrently With Avonex","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2013-08","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":419},{"nctId":"NCT00813709","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Long-term Follow-Up of Patients Who Participated in Study 27025 (REFLEX)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany","startDate":"2008-12","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Clinically Isolated Syndrome","enrollment":402},{"nctId":"NCT01285401","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Supplementation of VigantOL® Oil Versus Placebo as Add-on in Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Rebif® Treatment","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany","startDate":"2011-02","conditions":"Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":260},{"nctId":"NCT01064401","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of BIIB019 (Daclizumab High Yield Process) Versus Interferon β 1a in Participants With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2010-05","conditions":"Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":1841},{"nctId":"NCT02568111","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Brimonidine Tartrate for the Treatment of Injection Related Erythema","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2016-02","conditions":"Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT00906399","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety Study of Peginterferon Beta-1a in Participants With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2009-06","conditions":"Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":1516},{"nctId":"NCT01337427","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of PEGylated Interferon Beta-1a (BIIB017) in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins University","startDate":"2010-08","conditions":"Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT00616434","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Phase 2 Study of Interferon Beta-1a (Avonex®) in Ulcerative Colitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2008-05","conditions":"Active Ulcerative Colitis","enrollment":123},{"nctId":"NCT00441103","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study to Evaluate Rebif® New Formulation (Interferon-beta-1a) in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany","startDate":"2006-12","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting","enrollment":180},{"nctId":"NCT02125578","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Multiple Dose Safety Study of PEG-IFN in Healthy Volunteers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2008-03","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":69},{"nctId":"NCT00211887","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Combination Therapy in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS)CombiRx","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Fred Lublin","startDate":"2005-01","conditions":"Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":1008},{"nctId":"NCT00404352","phase":"PHASE3","title":"REbif FLEXible Dosing in Early Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany","startDate":"2006-11","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":517},{"nctId":"NCT01134627","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Minocycline as add-on to Interferon Beta-1a [IFN Beta-1a] (Rebif®) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [RRMS]","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany","startDate":"2006-02","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting","enrollment":305},{"nctId":"NCT00249860","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Multicenter Phase 3 Study of Interferon-beta-1a for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in Asian Subjects","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"EMD Serono","startDate":"2002-09","conditions":"Hepatitis C","enrollment":257},{"nctId":"NCT00303381","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Interferon-Beta-1a (Rebif®) for Treating Subjects With Acute Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"EMD Serono","startDate":"2001-12","conditions":"Ulcerative Colitis","enrollment":194},{"nctId":"NCT00811395","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Long Term Safety of Teriflunomide When Added to Interferon-Beta or Glatiramer Acetate in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sanofi","startDate":"2007-10","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":182},{"nctId":"NCT00489489","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase II Study of Teriflunomide as Adjunctive Therapy to Interferon-beta in Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sanofi","startDate":"2007-05","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":118},{"nctId":"NCT01126177","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled SNG001 to Placebo","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Synairgen Research Ltd.","startDate":"2010-03","conditions":"Asthma","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT01313364","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Safety Study in Healthy Volunteers of the Single-Use Autoinjector Containing Placebo of BG9418 Interferon Beta-1a With a 25-Gauge × 1-Inch Needle","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT00492765","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Simvastatin as an Add-on Treatment to Interferon-beta-1a for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2006-02","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":380},{"nctId":"NCT00668343","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Simvastatin in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Patients Using Avonex Compared to Placebo","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2005-04","conditions":"Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT00099489","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Avonex in Subjects With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2004-02","conditions":"Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy","enrollment":67},{"nctId":"NCT00030966","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Natalizumab in Combination With Avonex in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Biogen","startDate":"2002-01","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting","enrollment":1200}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":302,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Placebo to interferon beta-1a","genericName":"Placebo to interferon beta-1a","companyName":"Celgene","companyId":"celgene","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Interferon beta-1a activates interferon signaling pathways to modulate immune responses and reduce inflammatory activity. Used for Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":1},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}