{"id":"placebo-pla","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Nocebo effects (adverse events attributed to placebo expectation)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":{"setId":"47fc432b-2259-47d2-bba9-5e3aae583990","title":"LUTERA (LEVONORGESTREL AND ETHINYL ESTRADIOL) KIT [DR. REDDY’S LABORATORIES INC.]"},"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Placebo effects arise from psychological and neurobiological processes including expectation, conditioning, and activation of endogenous neurotransmitter systems. These effects can modulate pain perception, immune function, and symptom severity in conditions where subjective experience is a primary outcome measure. Placebo is not a drug with a molecular mechanism but rather a control intervention used in clinical trials to isolate true pharmacological effects from expectation-driven responses.","oneSentence":"Placebo produces therapeutic effects through the patient's expectation and belief in treatment, activating endogenous healing mechanisms independent of pharmacological action.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:51:41.020Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Control arm in randomized controlled trials across multiple therapeutic areas"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07474753","phase":"NA","title":"Coffee Increases Physical and Cognitive Performance Both in Men and Women","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Northumbria University","startDate":"2020-12-04","conditions":"Dietary Supplement, Exercise","enrollment":69},{"nctId":"NCT07473193","phase":"NA","title":"Beetroot Beverage and Repeated Sprint Power Output During RAST","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua","startDate":"2026-03-12","conditions":"Repeated Sprint Performance in Trained Athletes, Exercise Performance, Nitrate Supplementation","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT07466290","phase":"NA","title":"L-serine and Strength Training in the Elderly","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Vienna","startDate":"2026-03","conditions":"Brain Health, Longevity, Cognitive Performance","enrollment":126},{"nctId":"NCT07466654","phase":"NA","title":"Low-Dose Caffeine and Taurine Effects on Performance","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ankara University","startDate":"2025-10-15","conditions":"Anaerobic Performance Neuromuscular Performance Cognitive Performance","enrollment":32},{"nctId":"NCT05995535","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Pregabalin Plus Lofexidine for the Outpatient Treatment of Opioid Withdrawal","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Pennsylvania","startDate":"2024-01-01","conditions":"Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome, Opioid Use","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT07340996","phase":"NA","title":"Beta Caryophyllene & Apnea Performance","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Chih-Hui Chiu","startDate":"2026-01-01","conditions":"EXERCISE PERFORMANCE","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT07252778","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Effect of a Short-term Multi-strain Probiotic Supplementation in Endurance Athletes","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski","startDate":"2025-11-20","conditions":"Sports Nutrition, Biochemical Markers, Exercise Performance","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT07240506","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Vertical Jump Performance in Female Volleyball Players","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Muttalip Ayar","startDate":"2025-02-10","conditions":"Athletic Performance","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT04623398","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Effect of Lithium in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (SHANK3 Haploinsufficiency)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","startDate":"2022-02-21","conditions":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","enrollment":22},{"nctId":"NCT05444959","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"The Impact of Exercise / Stress Stimuli on HMB Supplementation Efficacy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Poznan University of Physical Education","startDate":"2021-09-10","conditions":"Supplementation, Sport, Sports Nutrition","enrollment":130},{"nctId":"NCT06425042","phase":"NA","title":"Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation and Exercise Training to Promote Healthy Longevity","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Finis Terrae University","startDate":"2024-03-01","conditions":"Healthy Aging, Lifestyle-related Condition, Metabolic Diseases","enrollment":28},{"nctId":"NCT04981366","phase":"NA","title":"Protein Supplementation in Elderly With Sarcopenic Obesity Undergoing Caloric Restriction and Exercise","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo General Hospital","startDate":"2021-08-01","conditions":"Sarcopenic Obesity, Aging","enrollment":105},{"nctId":"NCT06990022","phase":"NA","title":"Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse (Small-Sided Soccer Games)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University","startDate":"2025-04-10","conditions":"Performance, Soccer, Carbohydrate","enrollment":16},{"nctId":"NCT06112990","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training to Preserve Muscle Mass and Attenuate Cancer Progression","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Utah","startDate":"2023-11-09","conditions":"Metastatic Prostate Cancer","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT06531070","phase":"NA","title":"Nitrate Formulations and Exercise Performance","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Greenwich","startDate":"2024-08-01","conditions":"Nitrate, Nitrate/Citrulline, Placebo","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT06860581","phase":"NA","title":"The Impact of Selected Probiotic Bacteria on Gut Microbiota, Stress Indicators and Nutritional Status of Young Adults","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Poznan University of Life Sciences","startDate":"2023-09-26","conditions":"Healthy Volunteers, Young Adult, Women","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT06758323","phase":"NA","title":"Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice and Caffeine Co-ingestion on Lower-limb Strength and Muscular Endurance in Females","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Jose Manuel Jurado Castro","startDate":"2024-08-01","conditions":"Beetroot Juice, Caffeine, Placebo","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT06758167","phase":"NA","title":"RCT Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Escitalopram Loaded With XingpiJieyu Formula on Resting State EEG Energy Abnormalities in Severe Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency Type MDD","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Peking University Sixth Hospital","startDate":"2020-11-14","conditions":"Major Depression","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT04831398","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effects of Acute Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiovascular Responses to Sympathetic Activation","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Oklahoma","startDate":"2023-01-01","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT06693505","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum on Cognitive Performance in Night-shift Emergency Physicians","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"China Medical University Hospital","startDate":"2022-10-01","conditions":"Cognitive Performance, Sleep Quality","enrollment":14},{"nctId":"NCT05779657","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Combined Ketamine and Midazolam for Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sohag University","startDate":"2023-03-21","conditions":"Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus","enrollment":144},{"nctId":"NCT06641596","phase":"NA","title":"Impact of Chromium, Phyllanthus Emblica, and Shilajit on Cardiovascular Health, Fitness, and Weight Loss During Exercise and Diet Programs","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kerry Group P.L.C","startDate":"2019-02-01","conditions":"Overweight, Metabolic Syndrome X","enrollment":112},{"nctId":"NCT06639789","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of a New Formulation of Vitamin B12 on Physical and Mental","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Francisco Javier Martínez Noguera","startDate":"2024-07-01","conditions":"Performance Enhancing Product Use","enrollment":18},{"nctId":"NCT06091969","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Supplementation for Male Subfertility","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation","startDate":"2025-01-01","conditions":"Male Infertility","enrollment":64},{"nctId":"NCT06628596","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Acute Effects of Paraxanthine on Energy and Focus","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Iovate Health Sciences International Inc","startDate":"2024-05-07","conditions":"Cognition, Appetite, Mental Energy","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT06616077","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Endometrial Transcript Profile with Progesterone After Post-ovulatory Mifepristone","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Reproductive Health Research Insritute, Chile","startDate":"2022-06-07","conditions":"Endometrial Endocrine Regulation, Progesterone Supplementation in Women After Mifepristone","enrollment":9},{"nctId":"NCT06557655","phase":"NA","title":"Caffeinate Chewing Gum on Ice Hockey Performance","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Taiwan Sport University","startDate":"2024-02-05","conditions":"Caffeine, Placebo","enrollment":14},{"nctId":"NCT03953612","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"The Role of Neuroactive Steroids in Stress, Drug Craving and Drug Use in Cocaine Use Disorders","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yale University","startDate":"2019-03-12","conditions":"Cocaine-Related Disorders","enrollment":58},{"nctId":"NCT03810404","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Acute Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in Athletes","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Poznan University of Physical Education","startDate":"2018-12-20","conditions":"Supplementation, Sport","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT05516212","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Caffeine Kinetics and CrossFit®-Specific Performance","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Poznan University of Physical Education","startDate":"2022-06-29","conditions":"Supplementation, Sports Nutrition, Ergogenic Support","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT06318312","phase":"NA","title":"Effects of Hypoxia on Cognitive Performance","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","startDate":"2024-03-20","conditions":"Hypoxia","enrollment":26},{"nctId":"NCT06402890","phase":"NA","title":"Resistance Training and Hydrolyzed Collagen Supplementation in Middle-aged Adults","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Liverpool John Moores University","startDate":"2021-07-01","conditions":"Diet, Food, Nutrition","enrollment":42},{"nctId":"NCT06390670","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"The Effect of Colostrum Bovinum Supplementation in Endurance Athletes","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Poznan University of Physical Education","startDate":"2021-03-30","conditions":"Sports Nutrition, Biochemical Markers, Exercise Performance","enrollment":58},{"nctId":"NCT03822663","phase":"PHASE3","title":"The Influence of Caffeine Supplementation on Specific Performance and Training Activities","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Poznan University of Physical Education","startDate":"2017-05-15","conditions":"Supplementation, Sports","enrollment":26},{"nctId":"NCT04549610","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"HMB and Exercise-induced Muscle Damage","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Poznan University of Physical Education","startDate":"2019-11-01","conditions":"Supplementation, Sport, Sports Nutrition","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT06365957","phase":"NA","title":"Acute Effects of Exercise Combined With Ketone Ester Supplement","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Macau","startDate":"2024-04","conditions":"Overweight and Obesity, Cognitive Change, Ketoses, Metabolic","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT06372080","phase":"NA","title":"Resistance Training and Hydrolyzed Collagen Supplementation in Healthy Young Adults","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Liverpool John Moores University","startDate":"2020-01-06","conditions":"Healthy Participants, Nutrition, Exercise Training","enrollment":23},{"nctId":"NCT05414760","phase":"NA","title":"Evaluate Formation of IUAs After Third-generation Endometrial Ablation, With and Without Intrauterine Adhesion Barrier","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Remko P. Bosgraaf","startDate":"2022-11-11","conditions":"Asherman Syndrome, Intrauterine Adhesion","enrollment":1},{"nctId":"NCT05591742","phase":"NA","title":"Bacterial Composition and Recurrent Cystitis in Postmenopausal Women After Treatment With Lactobacilli.","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Aalborg University Hospital","startDate":"2021-10-01","conditions":"Cystitis Recurrent, Lactobacillus Infection","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT04128839","phase":"NA","title":"Impacts of Aronia on Inflammation and the Gut Microbiome","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Montana State University","startDate":"2019-04-27","conditions":"Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, Hypertriglyceridemia","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT06137027","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Cannabidiol Oil Extract for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"The University of The West Indies","startDate":"2023-09-21","conditions":"Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT06130228","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Nutritional Therapy in Late-onset Pompe Disease","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"McMaster University","startDate":"2024-04-01","conditions":"Pompe Disease, Muscle Loss, Obesity","enrollment":28},{"nctId":"NCT06101992","phase":"NA","title":"Mesoglycan for Acute Hemorrhoidal Disease","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Societa Italiana di Chirurgia ColoRettale","startDate":"2024-01-01","conditions":"Hemorrhoids","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT05848830","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Home-based Training and Supplementation in DM1 Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"McMaster University","startDate":"2024-01-01","conditions":"Myotonic Dystrophy 1","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06079996","phase":"NA","title":"Caffeinated Gum Softball Performance","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Chih-Hui Chiu","startDate":"2022-05-20","conditions":"Caffeine","enrollment":24},{"nctId":"NCT05917925","phase":"NA","title":"Evaluation of the Effect of a Food Supplement Based on Hydrolyzed Collagen on Joint Function.","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Francisco Javier Martínez Noguera","startDate":"2023-04-01","conditions":"Pain, Acute, Pain, Chronic, Knee Osteoarthritis","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT04542408","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Hamburg Edoxaban for Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Study","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf","startDate":"2020-11-12","conditions":"Covid19","enrollment":140},{"nctId":"NCT05805540","phase":"NA","title":"Effects on CK, RPE, VAS Scale and Physical Performance of Three Recovery Methods in Elite Basketball Players","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Cadiz","startDate":"2017-02-01","conditions":"Cold-water Immersion, Protein-carbohydrates Supplementation, Active Recovery","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT04394689","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Measles and Rubella Vaccine Microneedle Patch Phase 1-2 Age De-escalation Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Micron Biomedical, Inc","startDate":"2021-05-19","conditions":"Measles, Rubella, Vaccination","enrollment":281},{"nctId":"NCT05657093","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of the Beetroot Juice in Portuguese Swimmers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","startDate":"2022-04-30","conditions":"Ergogenics","enrollment":18},{"nctId":"NCT05470231","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Beet Juice on Elite Swimmers.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","startDate":"2020-01-07","conditions":"ergogéniques","enrollment":13},{"nctId":"NCT04859491","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Carbohydrate-protein Co-ingestion on Short-term Recovery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Erica Goldstein","startDate":"2021-07-22","conditions":"Dietary Supplementations","enrollment":24},{"nctId":"NCT05295836","phase":"NA","title":"Effects of Acute Glycerol Ingestion on Performance, Metabolic and Biochemical Markers in International Athletes","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Francisco Javier Martínez Noguera","startDate":"2022-02-10","conditions":"Performance Enhancing Product Use, Change, Body Weight, Change, Body Temperature","enrollment":4},{"nctId":"NCT05210244","phase":"NA","title":"Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation in Amateur Climbers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidad Francisco de Vitoria","startDate":"2021-10-01","conditions":"Dietary Supplement, Sport Performance","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT04851392","phase":"NA","title":"Do Adolescents and Adults Differ in Their Acute Response to Cannabis?","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University College, London","startDate":"2019-03-11","conditions":"Cannabis, Cannabis Intoxication, Cannabis Use","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT05010057","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of New Zealand Blackcurrant (NZBC) Supplementation on Recovery Following Strenuous Exercise","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Surrey","startDate":"2016-06-10","conditions":"Muscle Damage","enrollment":27},{"nctId":"NCT02417428","phase":"NA","title":"Citrulline Supplementation Combined With Exercise: Effect on Muscle Function in Elderly People (CITEX Study)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Université du Québec a Montréal","startDate":"2015-06","conditions":"Sarcopenia, Obesity","enrollment":104},{"nctId":"NCT03611426","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Topical rhThrombin as an Adjunct to Hemostasis During Segmental Hepatectomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd","startDate":"2017-11-29","conditions":"Hepatectomy","enrollment":84},{"nctId":"NCT04021342","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Tart Cherry (Prunus Cerasus) Concentrate on Physiological and Cognitive Function","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Northumbria University","startDate":"2018-10-12","conditions":"Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Cognitive Function, Exercise Capacity","enrollment":56},{"nctId":"NCT04075032","phase":"NA","title":"Pomegranate Consumption by Poly-medicated Metabolic Syndrome Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Research Council, Spain","startDate":"2018-06-10","conditions":"Metabolic Syndrome","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04523675","phase":"NA","title":"NAC Supplementation and Soccer Specific Performance","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Thessaly","startDate":"2016-04","conditions":"Skeletal Muscle Damage, Exercise-induced Aseptic Inflammation, Skeletal Muscle Performance","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT00585780","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Prazosin to Reduce Stress-Induced Alcohol/Drug Craving and Relapse","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yale University","startDate":"2009-09","conditions":"Alcohol Dependence","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT04079010","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction With and Without Arginine on Physical Performance and Growth Hormone","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Mary Hardin-Baylor","startDate":"2019-09-04","conditions":"Blood Flow Restriction, Growth Hormone, Strength Outcomes","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT03741218","phase":"NA","title":"Grape Polyphenols and Second-meal Effect","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Research Council, Spain","startDate":"2018-12-10","conditions":"Obesity","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT04210531","phase":"NA","title":"Beetroot Juice Supplementation in Basketball Players","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidad de Murcia","startDate":"2019-06-09","conditions":"Dietary Supplement, Sport Performance","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT02482402","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Iloprost for Bridging to Heart Transplantation in PH","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Heidelberg University","startDate":"2015-02","conditions":"Chronic Left Ventricular Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03877393","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Mental Status, Inflammation, and Intestinal Barrier in Major Depressive Disorder Patients Using Gluten-free or Gluten-containing Diet","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Medical University of Lublin","startDate":"2019-04","conditions":"Depressive Disorder, Major, Depression","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT03867071","phase":"NA","title":"Early Administration of Recombinant Erythropoietin (RHEPO) in Transfusion Savings in Trauma Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nīmes","startDate":"2005-10","conditions":"Trauma","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03314402","phase":"PHASE1","title":"The Tolerance, Pharmacokinetics of Jaktinib in Healthy Volunteers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd","startDate":"2017-09-28","conditions":"Healthy Volunteers","enrollment":126},{"nctId":"NCT03194334","phase":"NA","title":"Creatine, Carnitine and Carnosine in Vegetarians","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Ghent","startDate":"2012-12","conditions":"Dietary Modification","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT01197261","phase":"PHASE2","title":"OXN PR vs Placebo in Opioid-naive Subjects Suffering From Severe Pain Due to Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mundipharma Research GmbH & Co KG","startDate":"2010-09","conditions":"Interstitial Cystitis, Painful Bladder Syndrome, Pain","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT01112644","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Oxycodone/Naloxone Prolonged Release (OXN PR) Compared to Placebo to Demonstrate Improvement in Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Idiopathic RLS With Daytime Symptoms","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mundipharma Research GmbH & Co KG","startDate":"2010-04","conditions":"Moderate to Severe Idiopathic RLS With Daytime Symptoms","enrollment":205},{"nctId":"NCT00868790","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of MK-3577 in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MK-3577-009)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2009-03-24","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","enrollment":118},{"nctId":"NCT01938521","phase":"NA","title":"Effects of Red Grape Cells (RGC) Powder in Type 2 Diabetics","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tel Aviv University","startDate":"2013-09","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT00756275","phase":"NA","title":"Varenicline and Motivational Advice for Smokers With Substance Use Disorders","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Brown University","startDate":"2009-01","conditions":"Smoking Cessation, Nicotine Dependence","enrollment":158},{"nctId":"NCT00449150","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Cetrorelix (CET) Pamoate Regimens in Patients With Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"AEterna Zentaris","startDate":"2007-03","conditions":"Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy","enrollment":667},{"nctId":"NCT03573687","phase":"NA","title":"Effects of Protein Timing and Resistance Exercise on Fat Metabolism","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Florida State University","startDate":"2017-03-20","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":13},{"nctId":"NCT02011750","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Pilot Trial of Valproate as Adjunctive Treatment for Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Early Course Schizophrenia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Pittsburgh","startDate":"2013-04-01","conditions":"Toxoplasmosis, Schizophrenia","enrollment":109},{"nctId":"NCT03005184","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Mechanism(s) Underlying Cardiovascular Effects of ARB/NEP Inhibition - Aim 2","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","startDate":"2017-09","conditions":"Heart Failure NYHA Class I, Heart Failure NYHA Class II, Heart Failure NYHA Class III","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT01133821","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Acute Psychotherapy for Bipolar II Depression","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Holly Swartz","startDate":"2010-08","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder, Depression","enrollment":92},{"nctId":"NCT01128621","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects on Stable Metformin Therapy to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Co-administering Single and Multiple Oral Doses of GSK1292263","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"GlaxoSmithKline","startDate":"2009-11-23","conditions":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","enrollment":66},{"nctId":"NCT03165357","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in Athletes","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Poznan University of Life Sciences","startDate":"2015-10-10","conditions":"Supplementation, Sport","enrollment":26},{"nctId":"NCT03028649","phase":"PHASE3","title":"The Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Supplementation on Physical Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2010-01","conditions":"Sport, Supplements, Supplementation","enrollment":58},{"nctId":"NCT00593099","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"A Preliminary Study of Sustained-Release Bupropion for Smoking Cessation in Bipolar Affective Disorder","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","startDate":"2004-04","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder","enrollment":5},{"nctId":"NCT02770261","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DP-R208 and Each Monotherapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Alvogen Korea","startDate":"2015-12","conditions":"Hypertension, Cholesterolemia","enrollment":219},{"nctId":"NCT00585754","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Guanfacine to Reduce Stress-Induced Cocaine/Alcohol Craving and Relapse","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yale University","startDate":"2006-04","conditions":"Cocaine Dependent, Alcohol Dependent","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT01794897","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Valacyclovir Augmentation for Cognitive and Functional Remediation in Schizophrenia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Pittsburgh","startDate":"2013-02","conditions":"Herpes Simplex, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder","enrollment":134},{"nctId":"NCT00393874","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy of Sleep Interventions for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Pittsburgh","startDate":"2006-10","conditions":"Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, Insomnia","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02783196","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Liraglutide on Clock Genes","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Tel Aviv University","startDate":"2016-07","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes","enrollment":14},{"nctId":"NCT00746954","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Buspirone as a Potential Treatment for Recurrent Central Apnea","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"VA Office of Research and Development","startDate":"2008-09","conditions":"Central Apnea, Heart Failure","enrollment":8},{"nctId":"NCT02697903","phase":"NA","title":"Pomegranate Improve Biological Recovery Kinetics in Elite Weightlifter","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax","startDate":"2015-01","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":9},{"nctId":"NCT02381860","phase":"NA","title":"Investigate the Effect of Tart Montmorency Cherry Juice (Prunus Cerasus) on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Northumbria University","startDate":"2015-03","conditions":"Cognitive Decline","enrollment":28},{"nctId":"NCT00124059","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Quetiapine Fumarate (Seroquel) for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Pennsylvania","startDate":"2003-03","conditions":"Alcoholism","enrollment":61},{"nctId":"NCT00479466","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dose-Range Finding Study for MK0893 (0893-008)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2007-07","conditions":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","enrollment":342},{"nctId":"NCT02113579","phase":"NA","title":"Test on a New Experimental Mouth Rinse for Relieving Tooth Sensitivity","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Worldwide","startDate":"2014-03","conditions":"Dentin Sensitivity","enrollment":375},{"nctId":"NCT00781755","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Treating Schizophrenic Smokers: Effects on Craving, Cues and Withdrawal","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"VA Boston Healthcare System","startDate":"","conditions":"Tobacco Use Disorder","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02234648","phase":"NA","title":"To Investigate the Effect of Tart Montmorency Cherry Juice (Prunus Cerasus) on Vascular Function.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Northumbria University","startDate":"2014-08","conditions":"Hypertension","enrollment":14},{"nctId":"NCT00095147","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Abatacept and Infliximab in Combination With Methotrexate in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","startDate":"2005-02","conditions":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","enrollment":431},{"nctId":"NCT01476384","phase":"NA","title":"Orthogonal Polarisation Study in Young, Elderly and Type 2 Diabetics","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Maastricht University Medical Center","startDate":"2010-10","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","enrollment":45},{"nctId":"NCT00585520","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Sex Differences in Progesterone Effects on Responses to Stress and Drug Cues","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yale University","startDate":"2007-09","conditions":"Cocaine Dependence","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":1231,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Placebo (PLA)","genericName":"Placebo (PLA)","companyName":"Eli Lilly and Company","companyId":"eli-lilly-and-company","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Placebo produces therapeutic effects through the patient's expectation and belief in treatment, activating endogenous healing mechanisms independent of pharmacological action. Used for Control arm in randomized controlled trials across multiple therapeutic areas.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}