{"id":"placebo-for-tamoxifen","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL83","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"371.52"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Placebos are inert substances used as controls in clinical trials. In this case, it serves as a comparator arm in a Tamoxifen study, allowing researchers to distinguish the drug's true pharmacological effects from placebo response. Any observed benefits in the placebo group result from expectation, conditioning, and natural disease progression rather than active drug mechanism.","oneSentence":"A placebo has no active pharmacological mechanism; it produces therapeutic effects solely through psychological and psychophysiological processes.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:01:01.289Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Control arm in Tamoxifen clinical trial"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06944145","phase":"PHASE2","title":"New Treatment Strategies and Epigenetic Biomarker for Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","startDate":"2025-12-03","conditions":"BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), Lower Urinary Track Symptoms","enrollment":242},{"nctId":"NCT06982313","phase":"","title":"Long-term Follow-up of the TAM-01 Study and Pooled Analysis of Low-dose Tamoxifen Studies in Non-invasive or Microinvasive Breast Neoplasms","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera","startDate":"1996-07-01","conditions":"Breast Cancer Invasive","enrollment":1545},{"nctId":"NCT05894239","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Inavolisib in Combination With Phesgo Versus Placebo in Combination With Phesgo in Participants With PIK3CA-Mutated HER2-Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hoffmann-La Roche","startDate":"2023-09-08","conditions":"Metastatic Breast Cancer","enrollment":230},{"nctId":"NCT06440967","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study to Confirm if Fezolinetant Helps Reduce Hot Flashes in Women With Breast Cancer Who Are Having Hormone Therapy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.","startDate":"2024-07-31","conditions":"Hot Flashes","enrollment":540},{"nctId":"NCT01674140","phase":"PHASE3","title":"S1207 Hormone Therapy With or Without Everolimus in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"SWOG Cancer Research Network","startDate":"2013-09-12","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":1939},{"nctId":"NCT06917313","phase":"PHASE2","title":"FLASH-Breast: Evaluating the Efficacy of Fezolinetant in Reducing Vasomotor Symptoms in Women With Breast Cancer on Endocrine Therapy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Yale University","startDate":"2025-12-05","conditions":"Breast Cancer Early Stage Breast Cancer (Stage 1-3)","enrollment":92},{"nctId":"NCT01196936","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Low-Dose Tamoxifen Citrate in Reducing Breast Cancer Risk in Radiation-Induced Cancer Survivors","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","startDate":"2010-09","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":84},{"nctId":"NCT05128773","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of Amcenestrant (SAR439859) Versus Tamoxifen for Patients With Hormone Receptor-positive (HR+) Early Breast Cancer, Who Have Discontinued Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy Due to Treatment-related Toxicity","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Sanofi","startDate":"2022-02-17","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT07145827","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Metformin on Endometrial Thickness in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Tamoxifen","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Uruk University","startDate":"2024-01-02","conditions":"Breast Cancer, Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Cancers","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06055179","phase":"NA","title":"XCHT for Irinotecan-Induced Gut Toxicities (Randomized Controlled Trial)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","startDate":"2024-03-08","conditions":"Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Irinotecan-induced Diarrhea","enrollment":98},{"nctId":"NCT03346200","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Low Dose Tamoxifen for Mammographic Density Reduction","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Per Hall","startDate":"2016-11","conditions":"Risk Reduction, Mammographic Density Reduction","enrollment":1440},{"nctId":"NCT02993159","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Testing an Active Form of Tamoxifen (4-hydroxytamoxifen) Delivered Through Breast Skin to Control Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) of the Breast","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Northwestern University","startDate":"2017-05-31","conditions":"Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ, Estrogen Receptor Positive","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT00002644","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Tamoxifen for the Prevention of Breast Cancer in High-Risk Women","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Queen Mary University of London","startDate":"1994-01","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":7154},{"nctId":"NCT03528902","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Tamoxifen Therapy to Treat Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","startDate":"2018-10-01","conditions":"Hypertension, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension","enrollment":18},{"nctId":"NCT06404775","phase":"PHASE3","title":"External Mastalgia-oil Versus Oral Tamoxifen in Premenopausal Women with Severe Mastalgia","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University","startDate":"2025-01-16","conditions":"Mastalgia","enrollment":456},{"nctId":"NCT04915846","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Tamoxifen Therapy for Myotubular Myopathy","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"James Dowling","startDate":"2020-12-18","conditions":"X Linked Myotubular Myopathy","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT03229499","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Pulmonary Hypertension and Anastrozole Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Pennsylvania","startDate":"2017-12-07","conditions":"Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension","enrollment":84},{"nctId":"NCT01573637","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Raloxifene as an Adjuvant Treatment of the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia in Post-menopausal Women","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Fundació Sant Joan de Déu","startDate":"2011-07","conditions":"Schizophrenia in Post Menopausal Women","enrollment":78},{"nctId":"NCT00382070","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Letrozole in Treating Postmenopausal Women Who Have Received Hormone Therapy for Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"NSABP Foundation Inc","startDate":"2006-08","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":3966},{"nctId":"NCT03423199","phase":"PHASE3","title":"PAlbociclib Plus Tamoxifen for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor-positive, HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer Women - Asian studY","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"National Cancer Center, Japan","startDate":"2018-02-09","conditions":"Breast Neoplasms","enrollment":180},{"nctId":"NCT02278120","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of Efficacy and Safety in Premenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor Positive, HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2014-11-20","conditions":"Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer","enrollment":672},{"nctId":"NCT03063619","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Afimoxifene in Reducing the Risk of Breast Cancer in Women With Mammographically Dense Breast","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"M.D. Anderson Cancer Center","startDate":"2018-01-30","conditions":"Mammographically Dense Breast","enrollment":194},{"nctId":"NCT05172050","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Multicenter Double Blind, Parallel-group Phase 2/3 Trial, to Study Raloxifene in Adult COVID-19 Patients.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A","startDate":"2021-01-22","conditions":"SARS CoV 2 Infection","enrollment":61},{"nctId":"NCT01481883","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) - A Potential Treatment for Psychotic Symptoms of Schizophrenia in Men?","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Alfred","startDate":"2012-01","conditions":"Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Schizophreniform Disorder","enrollment":13},{"nctId":"NCT00754845","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Letrozole in Breast Cancer Who Have Received 5 Years of Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Canadian Cancer Trials Group","startDate":"2004-11-23","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":1918},{"nctId":"NCT00272714","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study of Afimoxifene Gel to Treat Cyclic Mastalgia in Premenopausal Women","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"ASCEND Therapeutics","startDate":"2003-03","conditions":"Cyclic Breast Pain, Cyclic Mastalgia","enrollment":146},{"nctId":"NCT01357772","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Trial of Low Dose Tamoxifen in Women With Breast Intraepithelial Neoplasia - Long Term Follow-up","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Andrea DeCensi","startDate":"2008-11-12","conditions":"Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating, Recurrence, Local Neoplasm, Breast Neoplasms","enrollment":500},{"nctId":"NCT01579734","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Phase III, Randomized, Double Blind Trial Low Dose Tamoxifen Versus Placebo in Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Users","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"European Institute of Oncology","startDate":"2002-03","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":1884},{"nctId":"NCT00106691","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Prostate Cancer Prevention Study for Men With High Grade PIN (Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"GTx","startDate":"2005-01","conditions":"Preneoplastic Conditions, Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia","enrollment":1589},{"nctId":"NCT05780567","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Clinical Study on Adjuvant Therapy of TQB3616 Combined With Endocrine Therapy Compared With Placebo Combined With Endocrine Therapy in Patients With Breast Cancer","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2023-03-30","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":1946},{"nctId":"NCT03969121","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy Plus Palbociclib in Operable, Hormone Sensitive and HER2-Negative Primary Breast Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kyoto Breast Cancer Research Network","startDate":"2019-07-16","conditions":"Breast Cancer Female, Hormone Receptor Positive Malignant Neoplasm of Breast","enrollment":141},{"nctId":"NCT03354039","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Tamoxifen in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","startDate":"2018-06-12","conditions":"Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","enrollment":93},{"nctId":"NCT02285179","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of GDC-0032 When Given Alongside Tamoxifen","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Netherlands Cancer Institute","startDate":"2014-11","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":189},{"nctId":"NCT03199963","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Trial of 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) Gel in Women Aimed at Reducing Dense Breast Tissue","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"BHR Pharma, LLC","startDate":"2017-08-21","conditions":"Mammographic Breast Density","enrollment":223},{"nctId":"NCT04933240","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Tamoxifen Versus Estradiol for Unscheduled Bleeding in Etonogestrel Implant Users, a Randomized Pilot Trial","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Virginia Commonwealth University","startDate":"2022-05","conditions":"Vaginal Bleeding","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02062489","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Evaluation of Tamoxifen's Efficacy for ER/PR Negative,ER-beta Positive Operable Breast Cancer Patients","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University","startDate":"2014-05","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":688},{"nctId":"NCT02982083","phase":"NA","title":"Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Raloxifene on Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sara Saeidi Shahri","startDate":"2015-09","conditions":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","enrollment":34},{"nctId":"NCT03078751","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Adjuvant Ribociclib With Endocrine Therapy in Hormone Receptor+/HER2- High Risk Early Breast Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2017-06-20","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":54},{"nctId":"NCT03043820","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Raloxifene Augmentation in Patients With a Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Iris Sommer","startDate":"2016-08","conditions":"Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Schizophreniform Disorder","enrollment":110},{"nctId":"NCT03518138","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety/Efficacy of Q-122 in Breast Cancer Patients Taking Tamoxifen or Aromatase Inhibitor","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Que Oncology","startDate":"2018-10-24","conditions":"Vasomotor Symptoms (VMS)","enrollment":132},{"nctId":"NCT02903121","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Treatment of Unfavorable Bleeding Patterns in Contraceptive Implant Users","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Oregon Health and Science University","startDate":"2017-01-20","conditions":"Bleeding, Implants, Breakthrough Bleeding","enrollment":109},{"nctId":"NCT02354001","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators for Women of Child-bearing Age With Schizophrenia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Alfred","startDate":"2011-04","conditions":"Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT02819921","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Desvenlafaxine for Treatment of Hot Flashes in Women With Breast Cancer Taking Tamoxifen","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Seoul National University Hospital","startDate":"2017-11-10","conditions":"Hot Flashes, Breast Neoplasms","enrollment":59},{"nctId":"NCT02166944","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Tamoxifen Treatment in Patients With Motor Neuron Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital","startDate":"2014-04","conditions":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, ALS Functional Ration Scale, TAR-DNA-binding Protein-43","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT03418831","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Adjunctive Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators on Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia in Women","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shanghai Mental Health Center","startDate":"2018-07-17","conditions":"Schizophrenia","enrollment":45},{"nctId":"NCT02824224","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Tamoxifen to Reduce Unscheduled Bleeding in New Users of the Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Oregon Health and Science University","startDate":"2016-09-06","conditions":"Menorrhagia, Metrorrhagia, Medicated Intrauterine Devices","enrollment":42},{"nctId":"NCT03844685","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Red Clover and Lifestyle Changes to Contrast Menopausal Symptoms in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients Given Tamoxifen","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano","startDate":"2012-07-05","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":88},{"nctId":"NCT00096369","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Tamoxifen in Preventing Breast Cancer in Women at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","startDate":"2000-02","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":130},{"nctId":"NCT00053898","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Anastrozole or Tamoxifen in Treating Postmenopausal Women With Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Who Are Undergoing Lumpectomy and Radiation Therapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"NSABP Foundation Inc","startDate":"2003-01","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":3104},{"nctId":"NCT00687102","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Cognition in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Wake Forest University","startDate":"2001-10","conditions":"Cognition, Aging","enrollment":1498},{"nctId":"NCT02801786","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"TAmoxifen Versus LIdocaine Cream. A Randomized Clinical Trial for Reducing Pain and Discomfort During Mammography","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Universidade Federal de Goias","startDate":"2018-11","conditions":"Pain, Discomfort","enrollment":450},{"nctId":"NCT03081234","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Adjuvant Ribociclib With Endocrine Therapy in Hormone Receptor+/HER2- Intermediate Risk Early Breast Cancer","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2018-03-31","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT01579227","phase":"","title":"Efficacy Of Tocotrienol a Natural Vitamin E In Biopsy Wound","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Chandan K Sen","startDate":"2012-01","conditions":"Scar","enrollment":101},{"nctId":"NCT01391689","phase":"NA","title":"Diindolylmethane in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Arizona","startDate":"2011-02","conditions":"Stage IA Breast Cancer, Stage IB Breast Cancer, Stage II Breast Cancer","enrollment":144},{"nctId":"NCT02070692","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Tamoxifen for the Treatment of Unfavorable Bleeding in Contraceptive Implant Users","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Oregon Health and Science University","startDate":"2014-02","conditions":"Menstruation Disturbances","enrollment":56},{"nctId":"NCT00030147","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Raloxifene and Rimostil for Perimenopause-Related Depression","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)","startDate":"2002-02","conditions":"Perimenopausal Depression, Depression","enrollment":65},{"nctId":"NCT00031720","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Soy Protein Supplement In Treating Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Tamoxifen for Breast Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology","startDate":"2002-03","conditions":"Breast Cancer, Hot Flashes, Hot Flushes","enrollment":112},{"nctId":"NCT02479256","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Clomiphene Citrate Versus Tamoxifen for Ovulation Induction in PCOs","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ain Shams University","startDate":"2015-06","conditions":"PCOS","enrollment":600},{"nctId":"NCT00003906","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) for the Prevention of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"NSABP Foundation Inc","startDate":"1999-05","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":19747},{"nctId":"NCT00952731","phase":"PHASE2","title":"4-Hydroxytamoxifen or Tamoxifen Citrate in Treating Women With Newly Diagnosed Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Northwestern University","startDate":"2009-12","conditions":"Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ, Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer","enrollment":27},{"nctId":"NCT00368459","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Raloxifene for Women With Alzheimer's Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Stanford University","startDate":"2006-08","conditions":"Alzheimer Disease","enrollment":42},{"nctId":"NCT00361543","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators - A Potential Treatment for Psychotic Symptoms of Schizophrenia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Alfred","startDate":"2006-08","conditions":"Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Schizophreniform Disorder","enrollment":54},{"nctId":"NCT01257581","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Efficacy Study of Creatine and Tamoxifen in Volunteers With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Nazem Atassi","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT00774267","phase":"","title":"Study Evaluating Changes In Mammographic Breast Density","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pfizer","startDate":"2009-01","conditions":"Osteoporosis","enrollment":507},{"nctId":"NCT00129142","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Toremifene Citrate for Prevention of Bone Fractures in Men With Prostate Cancer on Androgen Deprivation Therapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"GTx","startDate":"2003-10","conditions":"Prostate Cancer, Osteoporosis, Fractures","enrollment":1200},{"nctId":"NCT01214291","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety Study of Toremifene Citrate for the Reduction in the Risk of New Bone Fracture Occurrences in Men With Prostate Cancer","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"GTx","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Risk of Bone Fracture Occurrences","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT00003424","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Tamoxifen in Treating Patients With Primary Liver Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore","startDate":"1997-04","conditions":"Liver Cancer","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT00003099","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Chemoprevention Therapy Plus Surgery in Treating Women With Breast Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"M.D. Anderson Cancer Center","startDate":"1996-05","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":52},{"nctId":"NCT00163137","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparison of Raloxifene and Lasofoxifene - A Randomized, Blinded Study of These Drugs and Placebo on Bone Loss","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ligand Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2003-05","conditions":"Osteoporosis","enrollment":540},{"nctId":"NCT00016432","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Exemestane in Treating Postmenopausal Women With Resected Stage I, Stage II, or Stage IIIA Breast Cancer Who Have Completed 5 Years of Tamoxifen","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"NSABP Foundation Inc","startDate":"2001-05","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":1598},{"nctId":"NCT00253539","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Arzoxifene or Tamoxifen in Preventing Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Cleveland Clinic","startDate":"2002-01","conditions":"Breast Cancer, Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer (brca1, brca2)","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT00431444","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects of Zoledronic Acid and Raloxifene on Bone Turnover Markers in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mineral Density","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Novartis","startDate":"2007-01","conditions":"Osteoporosis","enrollment":110},{"nctId":"NCT00790101","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Risedronate vs Raloxifene in Hormone Replacement Therapy Discontinuation","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Sanofi","startDate":"2004-06","conditions":"Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT00371956","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Raloxifene for Prevention of Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Patients Receiving Chronic Corticosteroid Therapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tuen Mun Hospital","startDate":"2006-09","conditions":"Osteoporosis","enrollment":114},{"nctId":"NCT00847821","phase":"","title":"Observational Study Analyzing RNA Expression Of Endometrial Biopsy Samples From Placebo, Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens And Raloxifene","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer","startDate":"2009-05","conditions":"Postmenopause","enrollment":185},{"nctId":"NCT01157026","phase":"NA","title":"A Pilot Clinical Trial With Tocotrienol on Breast Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Malaysia Palm Oil Board","startDate":"2001-11","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT01041092","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Raloxifene for Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia in Postmenopausal Women","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Fundació Sant Joan de Déu","startDate":"2004-06","conditions":"Schizophrenia","enrollment":34},{"nctId":"NCT00784862","phase":"PHASE3","title":"ATAC - Pharmacokinetics (PK) Sub-Protocol","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"AstraZeneca","startDate":"1998-06","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":9358},{"nctId":"NCT00534846","phase":"PHASE3","title":"The Effect of Toremifene Treatment to the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings in Premenstrual Mastalgia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Satakunta Central Hospital","startDate":"2007-04","conditions":"Breast Pain","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT00784680","phase":"PHASE3","title":"ATAC - Quality of Life Sub-Protocol","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"AstraZeneca","startDate":"1998-04","conditions":"Quality of Life","enrollment":308},{"nctId":"NCT00814125","phase":"PHASE3","title":"ATAC - Endometrial Sub-Protocol","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"AstraZeneca","startDate":"1997-06","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":285},{"nctId":"NCT00784940","phase":"PHASE3","title":"ATAC - Bone Density Sub-Protocol","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"AstraZeneca","startDate":"1998-06","conditions":"Bone Density","enrollment":308},{"nctId":"NCT00206544","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Anti-Estrogens - A Potential Treatment for Bipolar Affective Disorder in Women?","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Alfred","startDate":"2004-01","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder, Mania, Schizoaffective Disorder","enrollment":51},{"nctId":"NCT00190593","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Raloxifene Use for The Heart","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Eli Lilly and Company","startDate":"1998-06","conditions":"Cardiovascular Diseases, Breast Neoplasms","enrollment":10000},{"nctId":"NCT00375622","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Anti-Estrogen Therapy for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Rabin Medical Center","startDate":"2005-02","conditions":"Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":782,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Placebo (for Tamoxifen)","genericName":"Placebo (for Tamoxifen)","companyName":"Oregon Health and Science University","companyId":"oregon-health-and-science-university","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"A placebo has no active pharmacological mechanism; it produces therapeutic effects solely through psychological and psychophysiological processes. Used for Control arm in Tamoxifen clinical trial.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":true,"score":3}}