{"id":"placebo-followed-by-zicotinide","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"50","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"40","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"25","effect":"Confusion"},{"rate":"20","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"15","effect":"Cognitive impairment"},{"rate":"10","effect":"Ataxia"},{"rate":"1-2","effect":"Meningitis (aseptic)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL5783405","moleculeType":null,"molecularWeight":"528.36"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ziconotide is a synthetic peptide derived from cone snail venom that selectively blocks N-type voltage-gated calcium channels on presynaptic nerve terminals in the spinal cord. By inhibiting calcium influx, it reduces the release of pain neurotransmitters (substance P and glutamate) into the synaptic space, thereby interrupting pain signal transmission. This mechanism allows for potent analgesia without the systemic side effects associated with opioids.","oneSentence":"Ziconotide is a selective N-type calcium channel blocker that reduces neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release in the spinal cord to alleviate chronic pain.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:26:53.460Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Chronic pain in patients intolerant to or refractory to other analgesics (intrathecal administration)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03942848","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Intrathecal Ziconotide Antalgic Efficacy for Severe Refractory Neuropathic","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hospices Civils de Lyon","startDate":"2019-06-20","conditions":"Severe Refractory Neuropathic Pain, Spinal Cord Lesions","enrollment":44}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Placebo followed by zicotinide","genericName":"Placebo followed by zicotinide","companyName":"Hospices Civils de Lyon","companyId":"hospices-civils-de-lyon","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ziconotide is a selective N-type calcium channel blocker that reduces neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release in the spinal cord to alleviate chronic pain. Used for Chronic pain in patients intolerant to or refractory to other analgesics (intrathecal administration).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}