{"id":"placebo-comparator-n-s-0-9","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Injection site reactions"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Fluid overload (with high-volume administration)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Normal saline serves as a physiologically neutral vehicle that maintains osmotic balance with body fluids. It is commonly used as a placebo or control arm in clinical trials to establish baseline efficacy and safety profiles of investigational drugs. As a comparator, it provides no active therapeutic mechanism.","oneSentence":"Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is an inert isotonic solution used as a control comparator in clinical trials.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:36:07.679Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Clinical trial control/comparator agent"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05652504","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Safety Evaluation of PfSPZ Vaccine in Pregnant Women in Mali (MalVIP1)","status":"SUSPENDED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2026-04-01","conditions":"Malaria","enrollment":400},{"nctId":"NCT07077746","phase":"PHASE2","title":"HB-adMSCs for the Treatment of Crohn's Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hope Biosciences Research Foundation","startDate":"2026-03","conditions":"Crohn Disease (CD)","enrollment":46},{"nctId":"NCT06720220","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Role of Airway Topicalization in Awake Fiberoptic Intubation","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Zagazig University","startDate":"2023-06-01","conditions":"Airway Complication of Anesthesia","enrollment":56},{"nctId":"NCT04242264","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase 2 Shigella Vaccine and Challenge","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2022-10-12","conditions":"Immunisation, Shigella Infection","enrollment":69},{"nctId":"NCT04990232","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Personalized Immunotherapy in Sepsis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis","startDate":"2021-07-29","conditions":"Sepsis","enrollment":280},{"nctId":"NCT05785442","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Use of Presepsin as a Marker for Immunotherapy Administration in Pneumonia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis","startDate":"2023-03-06","conditions":"Community-acquired Pneumonia, Hospital-acquired Pneumonia","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT05294393","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ropivacaine Plus Magnesium Sulphate Infiltration","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki","startDate":"2022-01-19","conditions":"Thyroid Diseases, Parathyroid Diseases, Postoperative Pain","enrollment":68},{"nctId":"NCT06022224","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"A 2nd Generation E1/E2B/E3-Deleted Adenoviral COVID-19 Vaccine: The TCELL VACCINE TRIAL","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"ImmunityBio, Inc.","startDate":"2020-12-09","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT05609045","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Phase 1, Randomised, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Dose-escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of RH109 as Booster","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Wuhan Rhegen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2023-06","conditions":"COVID-19 Pandemic","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT05366296","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity Study of a Lyophilized COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Wuhan Recogen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2022-07","conditions":"COVID-19 Pandemic","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04818281","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Study of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccine in Healthy Adults","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ihsan GURSEL, PhD, Prof.","startDate":"2021-03-27","conditions":"Covid19","enrollment":38},{"nctId":"NCT04920682","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Reversal of Moderate or Superficial Neuromuscular Blockade Induced by Cisatracurium","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo","startDate":"2021-06-01","conditions":"Neostigmine, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Muscle Weakness","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04009759","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Influence of Morphine or Ketamine or Saline Applied During In-hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Early Survival","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University Hospital, Akershus","startDate":"2021-10-01","conditions":"Cardiac Arrest","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT02627456","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of Radiation Attenuated Plasmodium Falciparum NF54 Sporozoites in Healthy African Adults in Mali","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2015-12-09","conditions":"Malaria","enrollment":409},{"nctId":"NCT03423537","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Low-dose HCG as an Adjunct to Ovarian Stimulation in Subfertile Women Undergoing ART","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","startDate":"2018-06-01","conditions":"HCG; IVF; Pregnancy Rates; ART; Chorionic Gonadotropin","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT03332225","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Trial of Validation and Restoration of Immune Dysfunction in Severe Infections and Sepsis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis","startDate":"2017-12-15","conditions":"Sepsis, Macrophage Activation Syndrome","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT00535743","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dose-Finding Trial With Sugammadex Administered at 3 and 15 Minutes After 1.0 and 1.2 mg/kg Rocuronium Bromide in Participants of ASA Class 1-3 (P05944; MK-8616-024)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2004-03-04","conditions":"Anesthesia, General","enrollment":174},{"nctId":"NCT02337855","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Phase I Study of the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Sm-TSP-2/Alhydrogel® With or Without GLA-AF for Intestinal Schistosomiasis in Healthy Adults","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2015-02-04","conditions":"Schistosomiasis","enrollment":72},{"nctId":"NCT02510157","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Dexamethasone on the Action of Sugammadex","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Attikon Hospital","startDate":"2015-05","conditions":"Neuromuscular Blockade","enrollment":44},{"nctId":"NCT02369133","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Preemptive Analgesia With Intravenous Paracetamol for Post-cesarean Section Pain Control","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Baskent University","startDate":"2013-11","conditions":"Cesarean Section; Dehiscence","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT02185924","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Combination of Continuous Femoral Block and Intravenous Parecoxib For Postoperative Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Asklepieion Voulas General Hospital","startDate":"2009-01","conditions":"POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA FOR TKA PARECOXIB/CFB","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT01147757","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Intraoperative Remifentanil Infusion Rate on Postoperative Tolerance and Analgesic Consumption in Pediatric Laparoscopic Ureteroneocystostomy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2010-06","conditions":"Pediatrics","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":2,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Placebo Comparator: N/S 0.9%","genericName":"Placebo Comparator: N/S 0.9%","companyName":"Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki","companyId":"aristotle-university-of-thessaloniki","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is an inert isotonic solution used as a control comparator in clinical trials. Used for Clinical trial control/comparator agent.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}