{"id":"pipecuronium","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"pipecuronium","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Acetylcholine receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"CHRNA1","category":"gene"},{"label":"CHRNB1","category":"gene"},{"label":"CHRND","category":"gene"},{"label":"M03AC06","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Muscle relaxation, function","category":"indication"},{"label":"Approved 1990s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Cholinergic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cholinergic Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neuromuscular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neuromuscular Blocking Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Nicotinic Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/streptomycin","drug":"streptomycin","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Streptomycin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"streptomycin"},{"url":"/drug/tobramycin","drug":"tobramycin","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Tobramycin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"tobramycin"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=PIPECURONIUM","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:03.529577+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:09.384540+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=PIPECURONIUM","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:09.721853+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:10.800703+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1200722/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:10.449284+00:00"}},"allNames":["pipecuronium","pipecuronium bromide"],"offLabel":[],"synonyms":["pipecuronium","pipecuronium bromide"],"timeline":[{"date":"1990-06-26","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval"}],"aiSummary":"Pipecuronium is a small molecule drug in the pipecuronium class that targets the acetylcholine receptor. It was originally developed and is currently owned by a pharmaceutical company. Pipecuronium is FDA-approved for muscle relaxation and function, with a half-life of 1.9 hours. It is off-patent and has no generic manufacturers. As a muscle relaxant, pipecuronium is used to facilitate surgical procedures.","approvals":[{"date":"1990-06-26","orphan":false,"company":"","regulator":"FDA"}],"ecosystem":[{"indication":"Muscle relaxation, function","otherDrugs":[{"name":"atracurium","slug":"atracurium","company":""},{"name":"cisatracurium","slug":"cisatracurium","company":"Abbvie"},{"name":"dimethyltubocurarinium","slug":"dimethyltubocurarinium","company":"Lilly"},{"name":"doxacurium","slug":"doxacurium","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Acetylcholine receptor","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"CHRNA1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Acetylcholine receptor","protein":"Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha"},{"gene":"CHRNB1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Acetylcholine receptor","protein":"Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta"},{"gene":"CHRND","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Acetylcholine receptor","protein":"Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta"},{"gene":"CHRNA2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha2/beta4","protein":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2"},{"gene":"CHRNB4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha2/beta4","protein":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4"},{"gene":"CHRNA4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2","protein":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4"},{"gene":"CHRNB2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2","protein":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"pipecuronium","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Pipecuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that competitively inhibits the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction, preventing acetylcholine from binding and inducing muscle contraction."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1990","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1990-06-26, )"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2183","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=PIPECURONIUM","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=PIPECURONIUM","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange 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