{"id":"phensuximide","rwe":[{"pmid":"41207994","year":"2025","title":"Site-selective addition of succinimide motif through nitro-assisted C-H functionalization of (hetero) arenes under rhodium catalysis.","finding":"","journal":"Archives of pharmacal research","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41097037","year":"2025","title":"Transcriptomic-Driven Drug Repurposing Reveals SP600125 as a Promising Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Glial-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioblastoma.","finding":"","journal":"International journal of molecular sciences","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40456737","year":"2025","title":"FDA-approved phensuximide inhibits RIPK1-dependent immunogenic cell death.","finding":"","journal":"Cell death & disease","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"34220331","year":"2021","title":"The underlying molecular mechanism and drugs for treatment in adrenal cortical carcinoma.","finding":"","journal":"International journal of medical sciences","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"31427480","year":"2019","title":"HPO-Shuffle: an associated gene prioritization strategy and its application in drug repurposing for the treatment of canine epilepsy.","finding":"","journal":"Bioscience reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"phensuximide","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","category":"target"},{"label":"CACNA1G","category":"gene"},{"label":"CACNA1H","category":"gene"},{"label":"CACNA1I","category":"gene"},{"label":"N03AD02","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Absence seizure","category":"indication"},{"label":"Epilepsy","category":"indication"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=PHENSUXIMIDE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:36.274102+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phensuximide","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:43.537691+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:42.188608+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=PHENSUXIMIDE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:42.494367+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel blocker","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:43.537636+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL797/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:43.189700+00:00"}},"allNames":"succitimal","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["phensuccimide","phensuximide","phensuximid","RS-Phensuximide","racemic phensuximide","succitimal","fensuccimide"],"timeline":[],"aiSummary":"Succinimide (PHENSUXIMIDE) is a small molecule drug that targets voltage-gated T-type calcium channels. It is classified as a phensuximide and is used to treat absence seizures and epilepsy. Although it is off-patent, there are currently no generic manufacturers. As a result, its commercial status is uncertain. Key safety considerations are not well-documented due to a lack of information on its half-life and bioavailability.","brandName":"Succitimal","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Absence seizure","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetazolamide","slug":"acetazolamide","company":"Teva Branded Pharm"},{"name":"clonazepam","slug":"clonazepam","company":"Roche"},{"name":"ethosuximide","slug":"ethosuximide","company":"Parke Davis"},{"name":"lorazepam","slug":"lorazepam","company":"Valeant Intl"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Epilepsy","otherDrugs":[{"name":"amobarbital","slug":"amobarbital","company":""},{"name":"carbamazepine","slug":"carbamazepine","company":"Novartis"},{"name":"diazepam","slug":"diazepam","company":"Roche"},{"name":"felbamate","slug":"felbamate","company":"Meda Pharms"}],"globalPrevalence":50000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","novelty":"First-in-class","targets":[{"gene":"CACNA1G","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","protein":"Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G"},{"gene":"CACNA1H","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","protein":"Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H"},{"gene":"CACNA1I","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","protein":"Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"phensuximide","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Succinimide acts as a selective blocker of the alpha-1G subunit of the T-type calcium channel, which is a key component of the channel's pore-forming structure."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phensuximide","title":"Phensuximide","extract":"Phensuximide is an anticonvulsant in the succinimide class."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2139","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=PHENSUXIMIDE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phensuximide","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T02:36:23.455975","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:44.763388+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"ethosuximide","drugSlug":"ethosuximide","fdaApproval":"1960-11-02","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methsuximide","drugSlug":"methsuximide","fdaApproval":"1957-02-08","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"phensuximide","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Absence seizure","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":79631006,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Epilepsy","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":84757009,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":3400000,"globalPrevalence":50000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"WHO, 2023"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"ethosuximide","brandName":"ethosuximide","genericName":"ethosuximide","approvalYear":"1960","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methsuximide","brandName":"methsuximide","genericName":"methsuximide","approvalYear":"1957","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"_patentsChecked":true,"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000146949","MMSL":"5277","NDDF":"001629","UNII":"6WVL9C355G","VUID":"4018636","CHEBI":"CHEBI:8079","VANDF":"4018636","INN_ID":"513","RXNORM":"33309","UMLSCUI":"C0070592","chemblId":"CHEMBL797","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL797","KEGG_DRUG":"D00508","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB00832","PUBCHEM_CID":"6839","SNOMEDCT_US":"400807000","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"7612","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C100129"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[{"period":"","companyName":"Parke Davis","relationship":"FDA Licensee"}],"publicationCount":44,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"N03AD02","allCodes":["N03AD02"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2025 Dec","pmid":"41207994","title":"Site-selective addition of succinimide motif through nitro-assisted C-H functionalization of (hetero) arenes under rhodium catalysis.","journal":"Archives of pharmacal research"},{"date":"2025 Oct 7","pmid":"41097037","title":"Transcriptomic-Driven Drug Repurposing Reveals SP600125 as a Promising Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Glial-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioblastoma.","journal":"International journal of molecular sciences"},{"date":"2025 Jun 2","pmid":"40456737","title":"FDA-approved phensuximide inhibits RIPK1-dependent immunogenic cell death.","journal":"Cell death & disease"},{"date":"2021","pmid":"34220331","title":"The underlying molecular mechanism and drugs for treatment in adrenal cortical carcinoma.","journal":"International journal of medical sciences"},{"date":"2019 Sep 30","pmid":"31427480","title":"HPO-Shuffle: an associated gene prioritization strategy and its application in drug repurposing for the treatment of canine epilepsy.","journal":"Bioscience reports"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturers":0,"_genericFilersChecked":true,"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"approved","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"1982","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health Canada","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:44.763388+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"verificationStatus":"enriching","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":false,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}