{"id":"phencyclidine","rwe":[{"pmid":"41794814","year":"2026","title":"In vivo mapping of protein-protein interactions of schizophrenia risk factors generates an interconnected disease network.","finding":"","journal":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41770514","year":"2026","title":"Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury after Use of 3-Methyl-PCP: A Case Report.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41765434","year":"2026","title":"[Exploring the therapeutic potential of PPARα in schizophrenia].","finding":"","journal":"Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41668604","year":"2026","title":"Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters Cortical CREB Signaling and Social Behavior in a Rat Model of Schizophrenia.","finding":"","journal":"The European journal of neuroscience","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41639014","year":"2026","title":"Review: False Positive Urine Drug Screens.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of analytical toxicology","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"phencyclidine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Glutamate [NMDA] receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"GRIN1","category":"gene"},{"label":"GRIN2A","category":"gene"},{"label":"GRIN2B","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Enzyme Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Hallucinogens","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Psychotropic Drugs","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":256.561,"date":"","count":75,"signal":"Drug abuse","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 75 times (LLR=257)"},{"llr":231.694,"date":"","count":89,"signal":"Toxicity to various agents","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 89 times (LLR=232)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Drug abuse","drugRate":"LLR 257","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Toxicity to various agents","drugRate":"LLR 232","severity":"common"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":["phencyclidine hydrochloride","phencyclidine","phencyclidine HCl","phencyclidine hydrobromide"],"offLabel":[],"synonyms":["phencyclidine hydrochloride","phencyclidine","phencyclidine HCl","phencyclidine hydrobromide"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase, Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1, Glutamate NMDA receptor; GRIN1/GRIN2A","targets":[{"gene":"GRIN1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Glutamate [NMDA] receptor","protein":"Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1"},{"gene":"GRIN2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Glutamate [NMDA] receptor","protein":"Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A"},{"gene":"GRIN2B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Glutamate [NMDA] receptor","protein":"Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B"},{"gene":"GRIN2C","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Glutamate [NMDA] receptor","protein":"Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C"},{"gene":"GRIN2D","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Glutamate [NMDA] receptor","protein":"Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D"},{"gene":"GRIN3A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Glutamate [NMDA] receptor","protein":"Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A"},{"gene":"GRIN3B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Glutamate [NMDA] receptor","protein":"Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B"},{"gene":"PRCP","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase","protein":"Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase"},{"gene":"SIGMAR1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1","protein":"Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"phencyclidine","explanation":"Imagine your brain is a city with many streets (neurons) and intersections (synapses). Glutamate is like a traffic cop that helps guide the flow of information between streets. Phencyclidine is like a roadblock that prevents the traffic cop from doing its job, causing confusion and disrupting the normal flow of information.","oneSentence":"Phencyclidine blocks the action of glutamate at the NMDA receptor, disrupting normal neural communication.","technicalDetail":"Phencyclidine acts as a non-competitive antagonist at the NMDA receptor by binding to a site distinct from the glutamate binding site, thereby preventing the receptor's activation and subsequent influx of calcium ions into the neuron."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2121","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=PHENCYCLIDINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=PHENCYCLIDINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T15:18:39.611556","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"amantadine","drugSlug":"amantadine","fdaApproval":"1968-02-14","patentExpiry":"Mar 13, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"amiodarone","drugSlug":"amiodarone","fdaApproval":"1985-12-24","patentExpiry":"Mar 13, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"amitriptyline","drugSlug":"amitriptyline","fdaApproval":"1961-04-07","genericCount":33,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"astemizole","drugSlug":"astemizole","fdaApproval":"1988-12-31","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"azaperone","drugSlug":"azaperone","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"benzatropine","drugSlug":"benzatropine","fdaApproval":"1954-03-05","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"buspirone","drugSlug":"buspirone","fdaApproval":"1986-09-29","genericCount":19,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"butenafine","drugSlug":"butenafine","fdaApproval":"1996-10-18","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic 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Midazolam Versus Intranasal Ketamine to Sedate Newborns for Intubation in Delivery Room","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University Hospital, Montpellier","startDate":"2012-01","conditions":["Respiratory Distress Syndrome","Prematurity of Fetus"],"enrollment":62,"completionDate":"2016-05"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"crossReferences":{"MMSL":"d03880","UNII":"J1DOI7UV76","CHEBI":"CHEBI:8058","VANDF":"4027426","INN_ID":"1058","UMLSCUI":"C0031381","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL275528","KEGG_DRUG":"D05453","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB03575","PDB_CHEM_ID":" 1PC","PUBCHEM_CID":"6468","SNOMEDCT_US":"9721008","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"4282","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"956-90-1","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D010622"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"DrugCentral","halfLife":"16.0 hours","clearance":"5.1 mL/min/kg","bioavailability":"72%","fractionUnbound":"0.35%","volumeOfDistribution":"6.9 L/kg"},"publicationCount":4773,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2026 Mar 7","pmid":"41794814","title":"In vivo mapping of protein-protein interactions of schizophrenia risk factors generates an interconnected disease network.","journal":"Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)"},{"date":"2026 Mar 2","pmid":"41770514","title":"Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury after Use of 3-Methyl-PCP: A Case Report.","journal":"Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology"},{"date":"2026","pmid":"41765434","title":"[Exploring the therapeutic potential of PPARα in schizophrenia].","journal":"Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. 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Its commercial status is unknown, and it is not widely available as a generic medication. Key safety considerations include its potential for abuse and dependence, as well as its ability to cause psychosis and other severe psychiatric symptoms.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":3}}