{"id":"perioperative-magnesium-sulfate","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Flushing"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypermagnesemia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Muscle weakness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Respiratory depression"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Magnesium blocks calcium influx into cells and antagonizes N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, leading to decreased neuromuscular transmission and vasodilation. In the perioperative setting, it is used to reduce seizure risk, modulate pain, and stabilize hemodynamics during and after surgery.","oneSentence":"Magnesium sulfate acts as a natural calcium antagonist and NMDA receptor antagonist, reducing neuromuscular excitability and vascular smooth muscle contractility.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:41:15.899Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Perioperative seizure prophylaxis"},{"name":"Perioperative pain management and anesthesia adjunct"},{"name":"Perioperative hypertension and arrhythmia management"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07191652","phase":"","title":"The Relationship Between Opioid-Free Anesthesia and Postoperative Agitation-Delirium and Quality of Recovery in Pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat Cases Monitored With Perioperative Bispectral Index","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa","startDate":"2026-03-25","conditions":"Ear Throat Nose Surgery, Delirium - Postoperative, Pain Postoperative","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT07418580","phase":"NA","title":"Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on Postoperative Pain in Lumbar Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital","startDate":"2021-04-01","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Back Pain Lower Back Chronic","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT07131033","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Esketamine Combined With Magnesium Sulfate for Postoperative Fatigue Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an","startDate":"2025-05-06","conditions":"Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Alleviate Postoperative Fatigue Syndrome","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT06920576","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Effects of Esketamine Versus Magnesium Sulfate on Emotional State and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Nasal Endoscopic Surgery","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an","startDate":"2025-03-01","conditions":"Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery","enrollment":144},{"nctId":"NCT06766786","phase":"","title":"Magnesium Supplementation in Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Dr Olu Bamgbade, MD, FRCPC","startDate":"2008-01-02","conditions":"Renal Failure Chronic Requiring Dialysis, Diabetes Mellitus, with Complications, Glomerulosclerosis","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT04894864","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Opioid Free Anesthesia-Analgesia Strategy and Surgical Stress in Elective Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Crete","startDate":"2020-10-08","conditions":"Elective Surgical Procedures, Postoperative Pain, Anesthesia","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03673072","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin Followed by Radical Liver Resection Versus Immediate Radical Liver Resection Alone With or Without Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Incidentally Detected Gallbladder Carcinoma After Simple Cholecystectomy or in Front of Radical Resection of BTC","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Krankenhaus Nordwest","startDate":"2019-07-01","conditions":"Incidental Gallbladder Carcinoma, Biliary Tract Cancer","enrollment":68},{"nctId":"NCT06501079","phase":"NA","title":"Dexamethasone Versus Mg Added to Bupivacaine Used in ESPB for Perioperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Nephrectomy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute, Egypt","startDate":"2024-05-01","conditions":"Renal Neoplasm","enrollment":78},{"nctId":"NCT06085417","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of the Effects of Dexamethasone and magnesıum Sulphate Used as Adjuvant in Infraclavicular Nerve Block.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yuzuncu Yil University","startDate":"2023-01-02","conditions":"Bupivacaine, Dexamethasone, Magnesıum Sulphate","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT05624151","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Dexmedetomidine Versus Magnesium Sulphate Added to Bupivacaine in Infraorbital Nerve Block for Perioperative Analgesia in Paediatric Patients for Cleft Lip Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ain Shams University","startDate":"2022-11-25","conditions":"Analgesia","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT05049707","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Does Perioperative Intravenous Magnesium Affect Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Craniotomy Surgery Patients?","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Thomas Jefferson University","startDate":"2024-11-01","conditions":"Brain Tumor, Surgery","enrollment":110},{"nctId":"NCT05227716","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Clinical Response to Magnesium Sulfate as an Adjunct in the Anesthesia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","startDate":"2022-10-01","conditions":"Anesthesia and Analgesia, Magnesium Sulfate","enrollment":104},{"nctId":"NCT05172739","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Opioid Free Anaesthesia-Analgesia Strategy on Surgical Stress and Immunomodulation in Elective VATS-Lobectomy for NSCLC","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Crete","startDate":"2021-10-01","conditions":"Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Postoperative Pain, Acute, Postoperative Pain, Chronic","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT04320589","phase":"PHASE2","title":"the Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Magnesium Sulfate in Open Resection of Pheochromocytoma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute, Egypt","startDate":"2019-06-30","conditions":"Pheochromocytoma","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT04095455","phase":"PHASE3","title":"The Effect Of Ultrasound-guided Modified Pectoral Nerves Block Versus Ketamine Plus Magnesium Infusion On Analgesic Profile In Breast Cancer Surgeries","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute, Egypt","startDate":"2017-11-12","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT04161729","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects of Intraoperative Magnesium Sulfate on Perioperative Pain Relief After Spine Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki","startDate":"2020-01-28","conditions":"Analgesia, Pain, Postoperative, Spine Disease","enrollment":74},{"nctId":"NCT01601314","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Perioperative Magnesium Sulphate as a Cerebral Protector in Neurosurgical Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sara Varea","startDate":"2012-10","conditions":"Seizures (Incl Subtypes), Brain Tumor","enrollment":55},{"nctId":"NCT02928315","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Magnesium Therapy to Prevent Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery in Adults","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2015-08","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02185859","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion and Magnesium Infusion on the Functional Recovery After General Anesthesia in the Patients Undergoing Breast Mastectomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2014-07","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":126},{"nctId":"NCT02235246","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Magnesium on Pain After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Neoplasm: Prospective Randomized Double-blind Placebo Controlled Study","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2014-10","conditions":"Gastric Neoplasm","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT02018276","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion and Magnesium Infusion on the Functional Recovery After General Anesthesia in the Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2013-12","conditions":"Thyroid Cancer","enrollment":135},{"nctId":"NCT01360060","phase":"","title":"Analgesia After Cesarean Section","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","startDate":"2010-12","conditions":"Preeclampsia, Pregnancy","enrollment":503}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Perioperative magnesium sulfate","genericName":"Perioperative magnesium sulfate","companyName":"Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social","companyId":"instituto-mexicano-del-seguro-social","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Magnesium sulfate acts as a natural calcium antagonist and NMDA receptor antagonist, reducing neuromuscular excitability and vascular smooth muscle contractility. Used for Perioperative seizure prophylaxis, Perioperative pain management and anesthesia adjunct, Perioperative hypertension and arrhythmia management.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}