{"id":"perioperative-corticosteroids","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Hyperglycemia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Immunosuppression/increased infection risk"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypertension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Insomnia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Mood changes"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL509924","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"394.46"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Perioperative corticosteroids are administered around the time of surgery to dampen the acute inflammatory response triggered by surgical trauma and anesthesia. By activating intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, they inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and reduce expression of inflammatory genes, thereby decreasing cytokine release, edema, and immune activation. This can reduce postoperative complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, infection risk, and organ dysfunction.","oneSentence":"Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory and immune response by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:40:54.255Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Perioperative anti-inflammatory prophylaxis in major surgery"},{"name":"Prevention of postoperative complications including systemic inflammatory response and organ dysfunction"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07353749","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Methylprednisolone After Flow-Diverter Stent Implantation in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Duan Chuanzhi","startDate":"2026-01-30","conditions":"Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms, Cerebrovascular Event, Hemorrhagic Stroke","enrollment":864},{"nctId":"NCT07077850","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of IV Dexamethasone on Post-op Urinary Retention After Spinal Anesthesia","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Al-Quds University","startDate":"2025-08-20","conditions":"Post Operative Urinary Retention, Spinal Aneshtesia","enrollment":1084},{"nctId":"NCT07262957","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Preventing Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing High-risk Pancreatoduodenectomy With a Bundle Approach Including Hydrocortisone, Octreotide, and the Teres Ligament Patch (PANENCA)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)","startDate":"2025-09-01","conditions":"Pancreas Head Cancer, Pancreas Adenocarcinoma, IPMN, Pancreatic","enrollment":400},{"nctId":"NCT07212582","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Human Albumin for Resuscitation in Surgical Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Trial (ALBUS Study)","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Mahidol University","startDate":"2025-12-01","conditions":"Critical Illness, Septic Shock","enrollment":304},{"nctId":"NCT07181668","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Low-Level Light Therapy on Ocular Surface Parameters in Patients Undergoing Femto-Lasik Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Grigore T. 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RCT on EILO Treatment","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Haukeland University Hospital","startDate":"2021-01-01","conditions":"Exercise Induced Laryngeal Obstruction (EILO)","enrollment":350},{"nctId":"NCT01815918","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Low Dose Corticosteroids on Perioperative Markers of Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis in Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York","startDate":"2011-02","conditions":"Total Knee Arthroplasty","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT02119273","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Systemic Corticosteroids in the Perioperative Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps (CRSsNP)","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Loma Linda University","startDate":"2014-09","conditions":"Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps (CRSsNP)","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02242474","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Anti-TNFα Use During Elective Foot and Ankle Surgery in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"CHU de Quebec-Universite Laval","startDate":"2015-07","conditions":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","enrollment":660},{"nctId":"NCT02084134","phase":"NA","title":"Peri-Operative Steroid Management in Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Washington University School of Medicine","startDate":"2012-03","conditions":"Pituitary Adenoma, Pituitary Diseases","enrollment":43},{"nctId":"NCT01559675","phase":"NA","title":"Trial Comparing Low Dose and High Dose Steroids in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2010-09","conditions":"Orthostatic Hypotension, Hemodynamic Instability, Fever","enrollment":121},{"nctId":"NCT01296074","phase":"NA","title":"Corticosteroid Prophylaxis on the Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Beijing Anzhen Hospital","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Heart Valve Diseases, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT03273036","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Perioperative Outcome of Corticosteroids in Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ramathibodi Hospital","startDate":"2014-05-01","conditions":"Lumbar Disc Herniation","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT00995501","phase":"NA","title":"The Effects of Corticosteroids, Glucose Control, and Depth-of-Anesthesia on Perioperative Inflammation and Morbidity From Major Non-cardiac Surgery (Dexamethasone, Light Anesthesia and Tight Glucose Control (DeLiT Trial))","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"d sessler","startDate":"2007-01","conditions":"Inflammation, Perioperative Morbidity","enrollment":381},{"nctId":"NCT02190994","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Perioperative Glucocorticoid Replacement on Prognosis of Surgical Patients With Sellar Lesions","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"West China Hospital","startDate":"2013-08","conditions":"Pituitary Neoplasms, Craniopharyngiomas","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT01141010","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Psychological Interventions on Maternal Outcomes Undergoing Cesarean","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Nanjing Medical University","startDate":"2010-05","conditions":"Perioperative Psychology","enrollment":365},{"nctId":"NCT00518271","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study Comparing Standard Dose and Reduced Dose Tacrolimus + Sirolimus + Corticosteroids in Renal Allograft Recipients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer","startDate":"2000-04","conditions":"Kidney Transplantation","enrollment":120}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":74,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Perioperative Corticosteroids","genericName":"Perioperative Corticosteroids","companyName":"Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer","companyId":"wyeth-is-now-a-wholly-owned-subsidiary-of-pfizer","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory and immune response by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Used for Perioperative anti-inflammatory prophylaxis in major surgery, Prevention of postoperative complications including systemic inflammatory response and organ dysfunction.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}