{"id":"pentothal-sodium","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Respiratory depression"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bradycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Laryngospasm"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Thrombophlebitis at injection site"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Emergence delirium"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL738","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"264.33"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Pentothal sodium (thiopental) binds to and allosterically modulates GABA-A receptors, increasing chloride ion influx and neuronal hyperpolarization. This results in depression of the central nervous system with dose-dependent effects ranging from sedation to general anesthesia. The drug also has anticonvulsant properties due to its ability to raise seizure threshold.","oneSentence":"Pentothal sodium is a barbiturate that enhances inhibitory neurotransmission by potentiating GABA receptors in the central nervous system, leading to sedation, anesthesia, and anticonvulsant effects.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:33:36.831Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia"},{"name":"Seizure management and status epilepticus"},{"name":"Sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07264764","phase":"","title":"Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter and Postoperative Cognitive Disfunction at Laparoscopic Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Duzce University","startDate":"2020-07-01","conditions":"Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT04002128","phase":"NA","title":"Tracheal Colonization and Outcome After Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Osijek University Hospital","startDate":"2008-01","conditions":"Colorectal Neoplasms Malignant, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Stomach Neoplasms","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT04710225","phase":"NA","title":"Does Anesthetic Technique Affect Pneumatic Tourniquet Pressures in Upper Limb Fracture Surgery?","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Baskent University Ankara Hospital","startDate":"2019-10-08","conditions":"Initial Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg), Arterial Occlusion Pressure (mmHg), Tourniquet Time (Minutes)","enrollment":69},{"nctId":"NCT02813044","phase":"NA","title":"Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol-remifentanil Versus Inhalational Anesthesia With Sevoflurane on Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumor","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2016-06-16","conditions":"Pituitary Tumor","enrollment":82},{"nctId":"NCT02809378","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effects of Anesthetic Techniques and Palonosetron Administration on the Incidence of PONV","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ajou University School of Medicine","startDate":"2016-06","conditions":"PONV, Palonosetron, Anesthesia","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT02504138","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Comparison of Propofol Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Desflurane Based Balanced Anesthesia on Hepatic Protection During Living-donor Liver Transplantation","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2014-06","conditions":"End Stage Liver Disease","enrollment":136},{"nctId":"NCT03016234","phase":"NA","title":"IOP Changes With Different Anesthetic Agents During Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Saint Vincent's Hospital, Korea","startDate":"2016-09-29","conditions":"Intraocular Pressure","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02878512","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Segmental Epidural Anesthesia (SEA) V/S General Anesthesia for PCNL","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Maharashtra University of Health Sciences","startDate":"2009-06","conditions":"Success Rate Under Segmental Epidural, Post Operative Pain","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT01870011","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Comparison of Propofol Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Desflurane Based Balanced Anesthesia on Renal Protection During Deceased Brain Dead Donor Kidney Transplantation - A Prospective, Randomized Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2013-12","conditions":"End Stage Renal Disease","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT02752308","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Effectiveness of Caudal Epidural Block on Intraoperative Blood Loss During Hypospadias Repair","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2014-09","conditions":"Hypospadias","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT00142493","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Effect of Affective Content on Drug Induced Amnesia of Episodic Memory","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","startDate":"2004-09","conditions":"Memory Losses, Amnesia-Memory Loss","enrollment":79},{"nctId":"NCT02524743","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Prevention of Pain Associated With Rocuronium Injection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Suleyman Demirel University","startDate":"2014-05","conditions":"Injection Site Irritation","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT02486926","phase":"NA","title":"The Effects of Remifentanil and Remifentanil-Alfentanil Administration in Children","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hallym University Medical Center","startDate":"2012-11","conditions":"Adverse Effect of Other General Anesthetics","enrollment":102},{"nctId":"NCT01436799","phase":"NA","title":"Desflurane Versus Propofol in the Sitting Position","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Gachon University Gil Medical Center","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Cerebral Ischemia","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT01115179","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Propofol and Perioperative Inflammation","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Geneva","startDate":"2005-03","conditions":"Inflammation","enrollment":79}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[{"count":2,"reaction":"BLOOD PRESSURE INCREASED"},{"count":2,"reaction":"PLEURAL EFFUSION"},{"count":2,"reaction":"RENAL TUBULAR DISORDER"},{"count":1,"reaction":"ACCIDENTAL OVERDOSE"},{"count":1,"reaction":"AIRWAY COMPLICATION OF ANAESTHESIA"},{"count":1,"reaction":"ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK"},{"count":1,"reaction":"CRYING"},{"count":1,"reaction":"DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY"},{"count":1,"reaction":"ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ST SEGMENT DEPRESSION"},{"count":1,"reaction":"HEART RATE INCREASED"}],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":190,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"pentothal sodium","genericName":"pentothal sodium","companyName":"Ajou University School of Medicine","companyId":"ajou-university-school-of-medicine","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Pentothal sodium is a barbiturate that enhances inhibitory neurotransmission by potentiating GABA receptors in the central nervous system, leading to sedation, anesthesia, and anticonvulsant effects. Used for Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, Seizure management and status epilepticus, Sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}