{"id":"penicillamine-w12-w60","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Proteinuria"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Rash / dermatitis"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bone marrow suppression"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Taste disturbance"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal upset"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Penicillamine works primarily as a heavy metal chelator by forming stable complexes with copper, mercury, lead, and other metals, facilitating their removal from the body via urine. Additionally, it inhibits collagen cross-linking and has immunomodulatory properties that reduce inflammatory responses, making it useful in autoimmune and connective tissue disorders. The drug's mechanism in Wilson's disease involves reducing copper accumulation in tissues.","oneSentence":"Penicillamine is a chelating agent that binds to heavy metals and promotes their urinary excretion, while also modulating immune responses through effects on collagen cross-linking and T-cell function.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:48:44.022Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Wilson's disease (copper accumulation disorder)"},{"name":"Cystinuria (amino acid metabolism disorder)"},{"name":"Rheumatoid arthritis (historical use)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03539952","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Trientine Tetrahydrochloride (TETA 4HCL) for the Treatment of Wilson's Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Orphalan","startDate":"2018-09-03","conditions":"Wilson Disease","enrollment":77}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["D-Penicillamine"],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Penicillamine (W12-W60)","genericName":"Penicillamine (W12-W60)","companyName":"Orphalan","companyId":"orphalan","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Penicillamine is a chelating agent that binds to heavy metals and promotes their urinary excretion, while also modulating immune responses through effects on collagen cross-linking and T-cell function. Used for Wilson's disease (copper accumulation disorder), Cystinuria (amino acid metabolism disorder), Rheumatoid arthritis (historical use).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}