{"id":"penicillamine-d1-w12","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Proteinuria"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Rash"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Taste disturbance"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bone marrow suppression"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Lupus-like syndrome"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Penicillamine contains a thiol group that forms stable complexes with heavy metals such as copper, mercury, and lead, facilitating their removal from the body through the kidneys. It also has immunomodulatory properties and may reduce collagen cross-linking. The drug has been used historically for Wilson's disease, cystinuria, and rheumatoid arthritis, though its exact mechanism in some conditions remains incompletely understood.","oneSentence":"Penicillamine is a chelating agent that binds to heavy metals and promotes their urinary excretion, reducing toxic metal accumulation in tissues.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:48:46.004Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Wilson's disease (copper accumulation disorder)"},{"name":"Cystinuria (cystine stone prevention)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03539952","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Trientine Tetrahydrochloride (TETA 4HCL) for the Treatment of Wilson's Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Orphalan","startDate":"2018-09-03","conditions":"Wilson Disease","enrollment":77}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["D-penicillamine"],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Penicillamine (D1-W12)","genericName":"Penicillamine (D1-W12)","companyName":"Orphalan","companyId":"orphalan","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Penicillamine is a chelating agent that binds to heavy metals and promotes their urinary excretion, reducing toxic metal accumulation in tissues. Used for Wilson's disease (copper accumulation disorder), Cystinuria (cystine stone prevention).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}