{"id":"pefloxacin","rwe":[{"pmid":"41765558","year":"2026","title":"Copper ion-antibiotic complexation inhibits photochemical transformation of fluoroquinolones via electron redistribution and reactivity regulation.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of environmental sciences (China)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41764883","year":"2026","title":"Multidrug-resistant and various high-risk ARGs in wastewater effluent exhibit nonnegligible AMR risks.","finding":"","journal":"Water research","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41607939","year":"2025","title":"Genetic diversity with potential ESBL-producing and multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains from chicken meat.","finding":"","journal":"Frontiers in veterinary science","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41506237","year":"2026","title":"Machine learning-enhanced colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based bimodal lateral flow immunoassay for sensitive and simultaneous detection of the residues of lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin.","finding":"","journal":"Food chemistry","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41475095","year":"2026","title":"An octadecyl (C(18)) sorbent via cyanuric chloride condensation for the QuEChERS-HPLC-FLD analysis of four fluoroquinolones in cosmetic samples.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of chromatography. A","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"pefloxacin","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Cytochrome P450 1A2","category":"target"},{"label":"CYP1A2","category":"gene"},{"label":"J01MA03","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Infective Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Enzyme Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Topoisomerase II Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Topoisomerase Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"peflacine","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["pefloxacin","peflacine","pefloxacine"],"timeline":[{"date":"1985-01-01","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"YEAR INTRODUCED approval"}],"aiSummary":"Pefloxacin, also known as Peflacine, is a small molecule antibiotic in the fluoroquinolone class. It targets the Cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme, but its primary mechanism is as a bactericidal agent that inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential for bacterial DNA replication. Pefloxacin is used to treat various bacterial infections, but its commercial status and approved indications are unknown. The drug has a bioavailability of 90% and a half-life of 11.0 hours. As a generic or patented product is unknown, further information is required to determine its availability.","approvals":[{"date":"1985-01-01","orphan":false,"company":"","regulator":"YEAR INTRODUCED"}],"brandName":"Peflacine","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Cytochrome P450 1A2, DNA gyrase subunit A, DNA gyrase subunit B","targets":[{"gene":"CYP1A2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Cytochrome P450 1A2","protein":"Cytochrome P450 1A2"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"pefloxacin","explanation":"Imagine your body's cells are like factories that make copies of themselves. Bacteria are like tiny factories that make copies of themselves too, but they can cause harm. Pefloxacin stops these bacterial factories from making copies of themselves by interfering with their DNA, which ultimately kills the bacteria.","oneSentence":"Pefloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication, ultimately killing the bacteria.","technicalDetail":"Pefloxacin exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2071","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=PEFLOXACIN","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=PEFLOXACIN","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T15:14:46.773730","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"ofloxacin","drugSlug":"ofloxacin","fdaApproval":"1990-12-28","genericCount":20,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ciprofloxacin","drugSlug":"ciprofloxacin","fdaApproval":"1987-10-22","patentExpiry":"Nov 27, 2038","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"enoxacin","drugSlug":"enoxacin","fdaApproval":"1991-12-31","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"norfloxacin","drugSlug":"norfloxacin","fdaApproval":"1986-10-31","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lomefloxacin","drugSlug":"lomefloxacin","fdaApproval":"1992-02-21","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"sparfloxacin","drugSlug":"sparfloxacin","fdaApproval":"1996-12-19","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"grepafloxacin","drugSlug":"grepafloxacin","fdaApproval":"1997-11-06","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"levofloxacin","drugSlug":"levofloxacin","fdaApproval":"1996-12-20","genericCount":36,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"trovafloxacin","drugSlug":"trovafloxacin","fdaApproval":"1997-12-18","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"moxifloxacin","drugSlug":"moxifloxacin","fdaApproval":"1999-12-10","patentExpiry":"May 29, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"gemifloxacin","drugSlug":"gemifloxacin","fdaApproval":"2003-04-04","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"gatifloxacin","drugSlug":"gatifloxacin","fdaApproval":"2003-03-28","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"delafloxacin","drugSlug":"delafloxacin","fdaApproval":"2017-06-19","patentExpiry":"Sep 23, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"pefloxacin","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"ofloxacin","brandName":"ofloxacin","genericName":"ofloxacin","approvalYear":"1990","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"ciprofloxacin","brandName":"ciprofloxacin","genericName":"ciprofloxacin","approvalYear":"1987","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"enoxacin","brandName":"enoxacin","genericName":"enoxacin","approvalYear":"1991","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"norfloxacin","brandName":"norfloxacin","genericName":"norfloxacin","approvalYear":"1986","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"lomefloxacin","brandName":"lomefloxacin","genericName":"lomefloxacin","approvalYear":"1992","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"sparfloxacin","brandName":"sparfloxacin","genericName":"sparfloxacin","approvalYear":"1996","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"grepafloxacin","brandName":"grepafloxacin","genericName":"grepafloxacin","approvalYear":"1997","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"levofloxacin","brandName":"levofloxacin","genericName":"levofloxacin","approvalYear":"1996","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"trovafloxacin","brandName":"trovafloxacin","genericName":"trovafloxacin","approvalYear":"1997","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"moxifloxacin","brandName":"moxifloxacin","genericName":"moxifloxacin","approvalYear":"1999","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05304416","phase":"","title":"Clinical 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