{"id":"paramethadione","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"paramethadione","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","category":"target"},{"label":"CACNA1G","category":"gene"},{"label":"CACNA1H","category":"gene"},{"label":"CACNA1I","category":"gene"},{"label":"N03AC01","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Absence seizure","category":"indication"},{"label":"Epilepsy","category":"indication"},{"label":"Approved 1940s","category":"decade"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=PARAMETHADIONE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:04.823463+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:11.709116+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=PARAMETHADIONE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:12.034887+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel blocker","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:13.091098+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1100/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:12.744322+00:00"}},"allNames":"paradione","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["paramethadione","paradione","parametadione"],"timeline":[{"date":"1949-06-15","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval"}],"aiSummary":"Paradione (Paramethadione) is a small molecule drug that targets voltage-gated T-type calcium channels. It was originally developed and is currently owned by a company not specified in the provided facts. Paradione is used to treat absence seizures and epilepsy, and was FDA approved in 1949. It is off-patent and has no active Orange Book patents, meaning it is available as a generic medication. However, there are no generic manufacturers listed.","approvals":[{"date":"1949-06-15","orphan":false,"company":"","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Paradione","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Absence seizure","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetazolamide","slug":"acetazolamide","company":"Teva Branded Pharm"},{"name":"clonazepam","slug":"clonazepam","company":"Roche"},{"name":"ethosuximide","slug":"ethosuximide","company":"Parke Davis"},{"name":"lorazepam","slug":"lorazepam","company":"Valeant Intl"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Epilepsy","otherDrugs":[{"name":"amobarbital","slug":"amobarbital","company":""},{"name":"carbamazepine","slug":"carbamazepine","company":"Novartis"},{"name":"diazepam","slug":"diazepam","company":"Roche"},{"name":"felbamate","slug":"felbamate","company":"Meda Pharms"}],"globalPrevalence":50000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"CACNA1G","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","protein":"Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G"},{"gene":"CACNA1H","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","protein":"Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H"},{"gene":"CACNA1I","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel","protein":"Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"paramethadione","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Paradione acts as a T-type calcium channel blocker, inhibiting the L-type calcium channel alpha1G subunit and reducing the influx of calcium ions into neurons, which helps to stabilize neuronal excitability and prevent seizure activity."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1949","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1949-06-15, )"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/2059","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=PARAMETHADIONE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T15:13:49.281636","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:14.456911+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"trimethadione","drugSlug":"trimethadione","fdaApproval":"1946-01-25","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"paramethadione","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Absence seizure","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":79631006,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Epilepsy","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":84757009,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":3400000,"globalPrevalence":50000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"WHO, 2023"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"trimethadione","brandName":"trimethadione","genericName":"trimethadione","approvalYear":"1946","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"_patentsChecked":true,"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000147022","MMSL":"4562","NDDF":"001628","UNII":"Z615FRW64N","VUID":"4018716","CHEBI":"CHEBI:7921","VANDF":"4018716","INN_ID":"4163","RXNORM":"219107","UMLSCUI":"C0070072","chemblId":"CHEMBL1100","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL1100","KEGG_DRUG":"D00495","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB00617","PUBCHEM_CID":"8280","SNOMEDCT_US":"400424004","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"7261","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C005731"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":19,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"N03AC01","allCodes":["N03AC01"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturers":0,"_genericFilersChecked":true,"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"approved","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"1949","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":"1949-06-15T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"","brand_name_local":null,"application_number":""},{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health Canada","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"IL","regulator":"MOH","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"SG","regulator":"HSA","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"AE","regulator":"MOH","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"KR","regulator":"MFDS","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"AU","regulator":"TGA","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"GB","regulator":"MHRA","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:47:14.456911+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"verificationStatus":"enriching","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":false,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}