{"id":"paracetamol-caudal-ropivacaine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Hepatotoxicity (paracetamol, dose-dependent)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Local anesthetic toxicity (ropivacaine)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bradycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Urinary retention"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"This is a combination therapy: paracetamol (acetaminophen) acts as a systemic analgesic and antipyretic by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes in the central nervous system. Caudal ropivacaine is a local anesthetic administered via caudal epidural injection that blocks sodium channels in nerve fibers, providing regional anesthesia and analgesia in the lower body and pelvic region. Together, they provide multimodal pain control for perioperative or acute pain management.","oneSentence":"Paracetamol reduces pain and fever through central inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, while caudal ropivacaine provides local anesthetic blockade of nerve conduction in the sacral region.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:59:45.783Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Perioperative pain management in pediatric and adult patients undergoing lower abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb surgery"},{"name":"Acute postoperative pain relief"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05673486","phase":"NA","title":"Regional Anesthesia by PENG-Block in Emergency Department","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Toulon La Seyne sur Mer","startDate":"2023-03-31","conditions":"Hip Fractures","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT06982625","phase":"NA","title":"Supra Inguinal Fascia Iliaca Block as Rescue Analgesia Following Total Hip Arthroplasty","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Institut Mutualiste Montsouris","startDate":"2025-09-22","conditions":"Hip Arthroplasty, Total, Post Operative Pain, Acute, Nerve Block","enrollment":310},{"nctId":"NCT03781505","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Intravenous Paracetamol in Combination With Caudal Ropivacaine","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Aga Khan University","startDate":"2019-01-31","conditions":"Postoperative Analgesia","enrollment":64},{"nctId":"NCT03041935","phase":"NA","title":"Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Caudal vs Ilioinguinal Nerve Block in Children Undergoing Orchiopexy Repair","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Alberta Children's Hospital","startDate":"2015-09-01","conditions":"Testicle Undescended, Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT03041948","phase":"NA","title":"Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Caudal vs Ilioinguinal Nerve Block in Children Undergoing Hernia Repair","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Alberta Children's Hospital","startDate":"2015-09-01","conditions":"Hernia, Inguinal, Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":88}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":6,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Paracetamol +caudal ropivacaine","genericName":"Paracetamol +caudal ropivacaine","companyName":"Aga Khan University","companyId":"aga-khan-university","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Paracetamol reduces pain and fever through central inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, while caudal ropivacaine provides local anesthetic blockade of nerve conduction in the sacral region. Used for Perioperative pain management in pediatric and adult patients undergoing lower abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb surgery, Acute postoperative pain relief.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}