{"id":"osmotic-release-oral-system-methylphenidate","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Insomnia"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Decreased appetite"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Nervousness or anxiety"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Abdominal pain"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Tachycardia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Elevated blood pressure"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Methylphenidate inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine by blocking their respective transporters (DAT and NET), leading to increased concentrations of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. This enhanced dopaminergic and noradrenergic signaling improves attention, focus, and impulse control. 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