{"id":"nsaid-ketorolac-ibuprofen","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Dyspepsia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"1-2","effect":"Renal impairment"},{"rate":"1-2","effect":"Cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke)"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"3-5","effect":"Dizziness"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketorolac and ibuprofen are non-selective COX inhibitors that block both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. By reducing prostaglandin production, they suppress inflammatory mediators and provide analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ketorolac is a potent short-acting NSAID typically used for acute moderate-to-severe pain, while ibuprofen is a milder, longer-acting NSAID used for mild-to-moderate pain and inflammation.","oneSentence":"NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis, thereby decreasing inflammation, pain, and fever.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:57:51.810Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Acute moderate-to-severe pain (ketorolac)"},{"name":"Mild-to-moderate pain and inflammation (ibuprofen)"},{"name":"Fever reduction"},{"name":"Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04291599","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Initial Pain Management in Pediatric Pancreatitis: Opioid vs. Non-Opioid","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Boston Children's Hospital","startDate":"2022-03-15","conditions":"Acute Pancreatitis","enrollment":23},{"nctId":"NCT03978767","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Preeclampsia And Nonsteroidal Drugs for Analgesia: a Randomized Non Inferiority Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Washington University School of Medicine","startDate":"2019-06-10","conditions":"Preeclampsia Severe, Preeclampsia Postpartum","enrollment":287},{"nctId":"NCT06860711","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Safety of Short-course of NSAIDs in Pediatric Patients With CKD","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Colorado, Denver","startDate":"2025-07-22","conditions":"Chronic Kidney Disease, Pediatric Urology","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT05842044","phase":"PHASE2","title":"NSAID Use After Robotic Partial Nephrectomy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Miami","startDate":"2023-09-15","conditions":"Kidney Cancer, Renal Cancer, Renal Neoplasm","enrollment":110},{"nctId":"NCT07102641","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Post-cesarean Analgesia: Comparing Effectiveness of Staggered v. Simultaneous Therapies","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Thomas Jefferson University","startDate":"2025-08-26","conditions":"Cesarean Delivery, Postpartum Comfort, Postpartum Pain","enrollment":825},{"nctId":"NCT03987022","phase":"PHASE4","title":"ICE-T Pain Regimen for Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"MetroHealth Medical Center","startDate":"2019-08-01","conditions":"Opioid Substitution Treatment","enrollment":66},{"nctId":"NCT05239767","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Randomized Trial of NSAID Dosing Strategies","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Montefiore Medical Center","startDate":"2022-06-01","conditions":"Musculoskeletal Pain, Acute Pain","enrollment":407},{"nctId":"NCT04710277","phase":"NA","title":"Novel Multimodal Pain Control Protocol for Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ohio State University","startDate":"2021-04-19","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Narcotic Use, Cryotherapy Effect","enrollment":54},{"nctId":"NCT02966288","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Trial to Assess the Pain-control Efficacy of Intra-articular Toradol Compared to Oral NSAIDs","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston","startDate":"2017-01","conditions":"Arthritic Knee Pain","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03824119","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Postpartum NSAIDS and Maternal Hypertension","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Southern California","startDate":"2018-12-11","conditions":"Preeclampsia, Gestational Hypertension, Superimposed Preeclampsia","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT02553174","phase":"","title":"AKI in Thoracic and Abdominal Surgery","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Milton S. Hershey Medical Center","startDate":"2016-06-01","conditions":"Acute Kidney Injury","enrollment":50}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"NSAID (Ketorolac/Ibuprofen)","genericName":"NSAID (Ketorolac/Ibuprofen)","companyName":"Thomas Jefferson University","companyId":"thomas-jefferson-university","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis, thereby decreasing inflammation, pain, and fever. Used for Acute pain (ketorolac), Mild to moderate pain and inflammation (ibuprofen), Fever reduction.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}