{"id":"normal-saline-flush","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Phlebitis or irritation at injection site"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Infection (if aseptic technique not followed)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Fluid overload (with excessive volume)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL2108783","moleculeType":"Unknown"},"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Normal Saline Flush","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:58:42.964100+00:00"},"aiSummary":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"AI Strategic Summary","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"ai_extraction","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:58:58.700966+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:58:48.931604+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Normal Saline Flush","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:58:49.372328+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL2108783/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:58:50.141704+00:00"}},"_dailymed":null,"aiSummary":"Normal Saline Flush, marketed by Yasser S Mostafa, MD, is a widely used solution in medical settings, though specific revenue figures are not provided. The key composition patent is set to expire in 2028, which may provide a competitive advantage until then. The primary risk is the potential for increased competition post-patent expiry.","mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is an isotonic crystalloid solution that matches plasma osmolality, preventing hemolysis or cell crenation. It is used to keep intravenous catheters, central lines, and other vascular access devices patent between medication administrations or blood draws, and can be used for gentle flushing to prevent clot formation and maintain line integrity.","oneSentence":"Normal saline flush maintains vascular access patency by delivering sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution through catheters or IV lines.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:57:41.383Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"_validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T01:58:58.701043+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Maintenance of intravenous catheter patency"},{"name":"Vascular access device flushing"},{"name":"Prevention of thrombosis in central lines and peripheral IV lines"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07498933","phase":"","title":"FAP-targeted PET/NIR in Lung Malignant Tumors","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Peking 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