{"id":"nitric-oxide","rwe":[{"pmid":"41906404","year":"2026","title":"Optimization of Chondroitin Sulfate Extraction From Skate (Raja spp.) Cartilage Using Response Surface Methodology: Anti-Inflammatory and Chondroprotective Activities.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of food science","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41905969","year":"2026","title":"Interaction of mtROS-Immune-Inflammatory Vicious Cycle Activation in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy.","finding":"","journal":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41905734","year":"2026","title":"Selected calix[4]ARENE as an effective modulator of mitochondrial function and smooth muscle contractility.","finding":"","journal":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41905564","year":"2026","title":"Guxiaspergiltones A-J: Furanone-Type Polyketides with Anti-Inflammatory Activities from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. 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Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose, contact a physician or Poison Control Center right away. Tamper Evident: Sealed for your protection. Do not use if seal is broken or missing."],"questions":["QUESTIONS: Dist. By: Deseret Biologicals, Inc. 469 W. 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They have not been reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration."],"dosage_and_administration":["DIRECTIONS: 1-10 drops under the tongue, 3 times a day or as directed by a health professional. Consult a physician for use in children under 12 years of age."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Vascuflow Melatonin, L-Arginine, L-Citrulline, Ubidecarenonum, Squalene, Calcarea Carbonica, Cholesterinum, Coumarinum, Formalinum, Gelsemium Sempervirens, Alpha-Lipoicum Acidum, Mercurius Corrosivus, Plumbum Metallicum, Pantothenic Acid, Glonoinum, Lycopodium Clavatum, Phosphorus, Berberis Vulgaris, Red Yeast Rice, Nitric Oxide, Proteus (Morgani), Rhus Tox MELATONIN MELATONIN ARGININE ARGININE CITRULLINE CITRULLINE UBIDECARENONE UBIDECARENONE SQUALENE SQUALENE OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDE OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDE CHOLESTEROL CHOLESTEROL COUMARIN COUMARIN FORMALDEHYDE FORMALDEHYDE GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS ROOT GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS ROOT THIOCTIC ACID .ALPHA.-LIPOIC ACID MERCURIC CHLORIDE MERCURIC CATION LEAD LEAD PANTOTHENIC ACID PANTOTHENIC ACID NITROGLYCERIN NITROGLYCERIN LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS BERBERIS VULGARIS ROOT BARK BERBERIS VULGARIS ROOT BARK MONASCUS PURPUREUS MONASCUS PURPUREUS NITRIC OXIDE NITRIC OXIDE PROTEUS MORGANII PROTEUS MORGANII TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF WATER ALCOHOL"],"keep_out_of_reach_of_children":["KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN: In case of overdose, contact a physician or Poison Control Center right away."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PACKAGE LABEL DISPLAY: Des Bio Vascuflow Homeopathic NDC 43742-1554-1 1 FL OZ (30 ml) Vascuflow"]},"tags":[{"label":"Vasodilator","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Soluble guanylate cyclase","category":"target"},{"label":"GUCY1A2","category":"gene"},{"label":"GUCY1A3","category":"gene"},{"label":"GUCY1B2","category":"gene"},{"label":"R07AX01","category":"atc"},{"label":"Respiratory (Inhalation)","category":"route"},{"label":"Topical","category":"route"},{"label":"Capsule","category":"form"},{"label":"Gas","category":"form"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Mature","category":"status"},{"label":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","category":"indication"},{"label":"Pulmonary hypertension","category":"indication"},{"label":"Vero Biotech Inc","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1990s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Anti-Asthmatic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antioxidants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Bronchodilator Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Free Radical Scavengers","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Gasotransmitters","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Respiratory System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Vasodilator Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"NO ADVERSE EVENT","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"789 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DEVICE MALFUNCTION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"586 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DEVICE ISSUE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"434 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"UNDERDOSE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"418 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DEATH","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"376 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PRODUCT USE ISSUE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"338 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"OFF LABEL USE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"332 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"306 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"OXYGEN SATURATION DECREASED","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"259 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PRODUCT USE IN UNAPPROVED INDICATION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"197 reports"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Hypotension","drugRate":"14%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Chest discomfort","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Dry throat","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Dyspnea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""}],"contraindications":["Congenital Heart Defect Requiring Open Patent Ductus Arteriosus","Left heart failure","Methemoglobinemia"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"...","Geriatric use":"Nitric oxide is not indicated for use in the adult population.","Paediatric use":"The safety and efficacy of nitric oxide for inhalation has been demonstrated in term and near-term neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure associated with evidence of pulmonary hypertension. 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Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:38:49.845348+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=NITRIC OXIDE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:38:59.569377+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:38:48.710350+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:38:48.710406+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed 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Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from INO to Vero Biotech Inc"},{"date":"1999-12-23","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (INO)"},{"date":"2001-08-01","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"EMA approval (Linde Healthcare Ab)"},{"date":"2023-07-27","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 2 manufacturers approved"}],"aiSummary":"Inomax (nitric oxide) is a vasodilator medication originally developed by INO and currently owned by Vero Biotech Inc. It targets soluble guanylate cyclase to treat persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and pulmonary hypertension. Inomax is a small molecule modality that was FDA-approved in 1999. The commercial status of Inomax is not fully disclosed, but it is available from generic manufacturers. Key safety considerations include the potential for oxygen toxicity and the need for careful monitoring.","approvals":[{"date":"1999-12-23","orphan":true,"company":"INO","regulator":"FDA"},{"date":"2001-08-01","orphan":false,"company":"LINDE HEALTHCARE AB","regulator":"EMA"}],"brandName":"Inomax","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","otherDrugs":[{"name":"nitrogen","slug":"nitrogen","company":""},{"name":"tolazoline","slug":"tolazoline","company":"Novartis"}],"globalPrevalence":1280000000},{"indication":"Pulmonary hypertension","otherDrugs":[{"name":"bosentan","slug":"bosentan","company":"Actelion Pharms Ltd"},{"name":"epoprostenol","slug":"epoprostenol","company":"Glaxosmithkline Llc"},{"name":"tadalafil","slug":"tadalafil","company":"Lilly"}],"globalPrevalence":1280000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Soluble guanylate cyclase","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"GUCY1A2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Soluble guanylate cyclase","protein":"Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2"},{"gene":"GUCY1A3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Soluble guanylate cyclase","protein":"Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3"},{"gene":"GUCY1B2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Soluble guanylate cyclase","protein":"Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2"},{"gene":"GUCY1B3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Soluble guanylate cyclase","protein":"Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Standardized Chemical Allergen [EPC]","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Inomax binds to soluble guanylate cyclase, an enzyme found in the blood vessels, triggering a cascade of events that ultimately leads to the production of cGMP. The increase in cGMP causes the smooth muscle cells in the blood vessels to relax, resulting in vasodilation and a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1999","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1999-12-23, INO)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1948","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=NITRIC%20OXIDE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=NITRIC OXIDE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_emaChecked":true,"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T12:59:24.264898","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:39:03.123275+00:00","fieldsConflicting":2,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"ivacaftor","drugSlug":"ivacaftor","fdaApproval":"2012-01-31","patentExpiry":"Nov 20, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lumacaftor","drugSlug":"lumacaftor","fdaApproval":"2015-07-02","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"tezacaftor","drugSlug":"tezacaftor","fdaApproval":"2018-02-12","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"elexacaftor","drugSlug":"elexacaftor","fdaApproval":"2019-10-10","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"nitric oxide","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the 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Inc","drugCategory":"mature","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"ivacaftor","brandName":"ivacaftor","genericName":"ivacaftor","approvalYear":"2012","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"lumacaftor","brandName":"lumacaftor","genericName":"lumacaftor","approvalYear":"2015","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"tezacaftor","brandName":"tezacaftor","genericName":"tezacaftor","approvalYear":"2018","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"elexacaftor","brandName":"elexacaftor","genericName":"elexacaftor","approvalYear":"2019","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00001532","phase":"","title":"Role of Genetic Factors in the Development of Lung Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)","startDate":"1996-09-13","conditions":["Cystic Fibrosis","Pulmonary Fibrosis","Tuberous Sclerosis","Asthma","Pulmonary Sarcoidosis"],"enrollment":3500,"completionDate":""},{"nctId":"NCT07311512","phase":"NA","title":"PMPR and 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