{"id":"nicotine-gum-c","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Mouth irritation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hiccups"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dyspepsia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Jaw soreness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":{"setId":"b973d045-7791-49c1-9216-4e0d51173735","title":"RUGBY NICOTINE POLACRILEX GUM, COATED FRUIT FLAVOR (NICOTINE POLACRILEX) GUM, CHEWING [RUGBY LABORATORIES]"},"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Nicotine acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which mediates reward and addiction. By providing exogenous nicotine without the harmful combustion byproducts of cigarettes, nicotine replacement therapy reduces the severity of withdrawal symptoms and cravings, facilitating abstinence from tobacco smoking. The gum formulation allows for flexible, on-demand dosing as users gradually reduce their nicotine dependence.","oneSentence":"Nicotine gum delivers nicotine through the oral mucosa to bind nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T05:18:35.980Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Smoking cessation aid"},{"name":"Reduction of cigarette smoking"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06356610","phase":"NA","title":"Pharmacokinetic and Subjective Effects of Heated Tobacco Products","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Altria Client Services LLC","startDate":"2024-02-06","conditions":"Tobacco Use","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT07220356","phase":"PHASE4","title":"C-Raven, a Virtual Tobacco Cessation Intervention in Residency Clinics","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins 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to Assess Elements of Abuse Liability for a Heated Tobacco Product With Four Non-Combusted Cigarette Variants","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"RAI Services Company","startDate":"2021-11-29","conditions":"Smoking, Smoking Behaviors, Tobacco Use","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT04094363","phase":"NA","title":"CSD190202: Study to Assess Elements of Abuse Liability for Two Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"RAI Services Company","startDate":"2019-10-03","conditions":"Smoking, Tobacco Smoking, Tobacco Use","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT04372290","phase":"NA","title":"CSD190401: A Study to Assess Elements of Abuse Liability for Nicotine-containing Pouch Tobacco Products","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"RAI Services Company","startDate":"2020-05-06","conditions":"Smoking, Smoking Behaviors, Tobacco Use","enrollment":42},{"nctId":"NCT03559751","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Evaluation of the Abuse Liability of Very Low Nicotine (VLN) Cigarettes","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"22nd Century Group, Inc.","startDate":"2018-04-13","conditions":"Tobacco Use","enrollment":66},{"nctId":"NCT03559725","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Evaluation of Abuse Liability of Very Low Nicotine (VLN) Mentholated Cigarettes","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"22nd Century Group, Inc.","startDate":"2018-05-01","conditions":"Tobacco Use","enrollment":55},{"nctId":"NCT03574077","phase":"NA","title":"Semi-personalized IM Smoking Cessation Interventions","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The University of Hong Kong","startDate":"2017-12-27","conditions":"Smoking Cessation","enrollment":119},{"nctId":"NCT03259607","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Clinical Study to Assess Bioequivalence Between Nicorette Extra Mint Gum and Nicorette® Mint Gum in Healthy Smokers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"McNeil AB","startDate":"2017-08-14","conditions":"Tobacco Dependence","enrollment":76},{"nctId":"NCT02688374","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Bioequivalence Study of Three, 2 mg Nicotine Chewing Gums (Two Tests and One Reference) in Healthy Adult Smokers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"GlaxoSmithKline","startDate":"2016-03-11","conditions":"Tobacco Use Disorder","enrollment":45},{"nctId":"NCT03126357","phase":"NA","title":"CSD170401: Study to Assess Elements of Abuse Liability for Three Electronic Tobacco Vapor Products During an 11-Day In-Clinic Confinement","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"RAI Services Company","startDate":"2017-04-17","conditions":"Smoking","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02356913","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Comparison of Pharmacokinetic Profiles of 3 New Nicotine Gum Formulations With a Reference Gum","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Fertin Pharma A/S","startDate":"2014-04","conditions":"Smoking Cessation","enrollment":15}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":66,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Nicotine gum (C)","genericName":"Nicotine gum (C)","companyName":"22nd Century Group, Inc.","companyId":"22nd-century-group-inc","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Nicotine gum delivers nicotine through the oral mucosa to bind nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation. Used for Smoking cessation aid, Reduction of cigarette consumption.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}